Stack #74153
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| population | an entier group of indiviauls
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| census | involves using every member of a population
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| sampling error or sampling variability | invovles the natural variation one would expcet tos ee in sample statiscs from sample to samplwe
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| sample | a subgroup of a population
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| voluntary response sample | consists of people who choose to be part of asample by responding to general appeal
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| convenience sample | involves choosing the most convenient individuals from the population for your sample
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| SRS | a sampkle of size n selected in suchn wayu that every set of n individuals has an equal cahnce of being selected for the sample
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| stratified random sample | divide population in groups of similar individuals, choose a separate SRS from each strate, combine all of those indiviauls chosen from all the stratus to make up the full sample
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| multistage | example select towns at random, select blocks at random, select households at random
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| cluster sample | an srs from a set of all desginated clusters
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| a probability sample | gives each member of the population a known chance greater than zero to be selected
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| undercoverage | occurs when some groups int he population are left out of the process of choosing the sample i.e. the population is nmot the same group as the sampling frame, the groupf rom which the sample is chosen
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| nonresponse | occurs when an indiviaul chosen fro the sample cannot be contacted or refuses to cooperate
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| response bias | occurs when an indiviaul in s ample chooses an answer to a survery that he/she thinks is best rather than the answer that he/she truly believes
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| wording of question | may influence a person by leading the individual being questioned to one answer as opposed to the anothwer
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| observational study | obsers indiausl and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the reponse
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| experiment | deliberately imoses some treatment on indviaulls in order to ober their responses an experiment can help eliminate or at least try to minimize the effects of lurking variables
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| experimental units | indiviausl on which the experiment is being done. if the units are people they are called subjects
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| teratment | the specific experimetnal condition applied to the units. the level of treatment i measured by the explanatory varaibvle and the level of the variable we're interested iin is measured by the response variable
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| factors | the explnatory varaibles in an experiemnts, i.e. the cahnges that are being imposed on the subjects in the experiemnt
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