Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms - CV
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| arteriosclerosis | thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of the arterial walls
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| artherosclerosis | buildup of fatty substances within the walls of the arteries
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| atheromatous plaque | a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat (lipids)
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| thrombus | a stationary blood clot
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| embolus | a clot (airm fatm foreign object) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges = "a stopper"
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| stenosis | condition of narrowing of a part
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| constriction | compression of a part
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| occlusion | plugging: obstruction or a closing off
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| ischemia | to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
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| perfusion deficit | a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion etc
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| infarct | to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death)caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel
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| angina pectoris | chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries (angina = to choke)
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| aneurysm | a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness
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| saccular | a sac-like bulge on one side
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| fusiform | a spindle-shaped bulge
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| dissecting | a split or tear of the vessel wall
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| claudication | to limp; pain in a pain (especially the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply
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| diaphoresis | profuse sweating
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| heart murmur | an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves
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| palpitation | subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats
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| vegetation | to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis
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| arrhythmia | any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
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| dysrhythmia | any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
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| bradycardia | slow heart rate (<60bpm)
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| fibrillation | chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation
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| flutter | extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular flutter (250-350 bpm)
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| heart block | an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block (ex AV block)
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| premature ventricular contraction (PVC) | a ventricular contraction preceeding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)
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| tachycardia | fast heartrate >100 bpm
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| arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) | a degenerative condition of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture - seen most often in the aged or smokers
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| bacterial endocarditis | a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium of the heart valves
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| cardiac tamponade | compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampo = plug)
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| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle
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| congenital anomaly of the heart | malformation of the heart present at birth
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| atrial septal defect (ASD) | an opening in the septum separating the atria
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| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body
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| patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth
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| tetralogy of fallot | anomaly that has 4 defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy - causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation = cyanosis
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| ventricular septal defect (VSD) | opening of the septum separating the ventricles
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| congestive heart failure (CHF) | = Left ventricular failure. left ventricle doesnt pump the enough blood to meet the demands of the body = bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to veins and cause edema in lower body
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| cor pulmonale | = right ventricular failure. condition of enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) | affects arteries of the heart, reduces blood flow and delivery of oxygen to the myocardium, most often caused by artherosclerosis
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| hypertension | persistently high blood pressure
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| essential (primary) hypertension | high blood pressure attributed to no single cause but risks include smoking obesity increased salt intake hypercholesterolemia and hereditary
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| secondary hypertension | high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease ex kidney disease
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| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) | protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
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| myocardial infarction (MI) | heart attack. death of myocardial tissue owing to loss of blood flow (ischemmia) as a result of an occlusion of the coronary artery . usually caused by atherosclerosis. symp: pain chest, upper body, SOB, diaphoresis & nausea
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| myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection
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| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| rheumatic heart disease | damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (streptococcal infection)
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| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of vein associated with a clot formation
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| varicose veins | abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs
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| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occuring most often in the femoral and iliac veins
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