Unit Test Cards
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| Unitary Government | Central government has the most power
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| Federal Government | Power is shared between the central and regional governments
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| Confederation | Regional governments have more power than the central government
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| Legislative branch | Makes laws
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| Parliamentary democracy | Citizens vote for legislators (Parliament) and legislators select the Prime Minister
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| Presidential democracy | President is elected directly by the people in a separate vote from the legislators
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| Theocracy | Religious rule. Religious leaders are also the government leaders.
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| Oligarchy | Rule by a small group. Citizens have few rights.
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| Autocracy | One person rules. Citizens have no rights
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| Democracy | Rule by the people. Citizens have many rights.
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| Type of government in Israel | Parliamentary democracy
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| Type of government in Saudi Arabi | Monarchy (absolute). There is a king.
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| Type of government in Iran | Theocratic oligarchy
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| Anti-Semitism | Hatred or discrimination against Jews
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| Zionism | Belief that the Jews should have their own country.
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| Holocaust | Killing of people (including Jews) that did not fit into Hitler's idea of a perfect race
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| Genocide | Mass killing a a certain group of people based on their race, religion or ethnicity
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| The Holocaust was an example of a | genocide
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| Entrepreneur | Someone who takes a risk to start a business
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| Specialization | Producing the items that a country can make the best and most easily so they can trade them for the products that do not have
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| Human capital | The training and education of citizens so they can be better workers. This will improve the economy of a country.
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| Capital goods | The factories, machines and technology that are used to make other products. Countries that invest in capital goods have a stronger economy.
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| Israel has few natural resources and no oil. What has the country invested in? | Technology
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| What type of economy do most countries in the world have? | Mixed economy - between market and command
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| What resource does Saudi Arabia depend on for its economy? | Oil
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| Define quota. | Limiting the amount of foreign goods that can come into a country.
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| Define embargo. | To stop trading with another country.
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| Define tariff. | To tax items that come into one country from another country.
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| In which country do people have the most rights - Saudi Arabia, Israel or Iran? | Israel
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| What does OPEC do? | Regulates the supply and price of oil.
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| How has oil affected the countries in the Middle East? | Raised the standard of living - better healthcare, better schools, improved housing
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| Define desalination. | Removing salt from water.
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| Define drip irrigation. | Computerized system that determines exactly how much water a plant needs.
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| Why don't more countries have both desalinization plants and drip irrigation systems? | They are both very expensive.
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| Define ethnic group. | People with a common backgroud, history, traditions, language
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| Define religious group. | People who believe in the same god or gods.
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| Name the 3 main ethnic groups in this area. | Arabs, Persians, Kurds
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| The largest ethnic group? | Arabs
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| Name the 3 main religions in the area. | Islam, Judaism, Christianity
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| Name the man that is important to the people in all three religions. | Abraham
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| Name the city that is important to the people in all three religions. | Jerusalem
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| Name the Five Pillars of Faith. | Declaration of faith, give to the needy, pray five times a day, fast, go to Mecca.
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| Difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims. | Who should lead Islam. Sunnis-most capable person. Shias-blood relative of Muhammad.
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| Language of most Arabs. | Arabic
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| Language of most Jews. | Hebrew
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| Only country in this area that is mainly Jewish. | Israel
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| Why did many people believe that Israel should become a country? | Anti-Semitism, Zionism, the Holocaust, the land was promised to them by God
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| When the Ottoman Empire collapsed, new countries were created. What problems did this cause? | Many people were put together that did not get along - Sunni and Shias, Jews and Arabs
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| What was the cause of the Persian Gulf War? | Iraq invaded Kuwait. Claimed that Kuwait was taking more than their share of oil.
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| Why did the U.S. invade Afghanistan in 2001? | To try to find Osama bin-Laden and destroy the terrorist group called al-Qaeda.
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| What was the cause of the U.S. war with Iraq in 2003? | The U.S. believed that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.
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| What is the religion of most Arabs? | Islam although there are Arabs that practice Judaism and Christianity.
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| What are the main reasons that the Israelis and Palestinians are still fighting today? | Religious differences and land that both groups claim as their own.
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| In what country can the Gaza Strip and West Bank be found? | Israel
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| What connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea? | Suez Canal
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| What connects the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea? | Strait of Hormuz
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| What major rivers are in the country of Iraq? | Euphrates and Tigris
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| What river is on the border of Israel and Jordan? | Jordan
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| How did the size of Israel change after the first Arab-Israeli War? | Israel won the war, captured more land and increased in size.
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