| Question |
 |
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| Answer |
|
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| What is the role of the bronchial vessels of the lungs? |
to bring oxygenated blood to maintain the lung tissue |
| From what structure does the left bronchial arteries arise? |
the descending thoracic aorta |
| What two arteries could give rise to the right bronchial arteries? |
internal thoracic or left bronchial artery |
| The bronchial veins do not receive all the blood brought to the heart by the bronchial arteries. Where does this extra blood go? |
drained into the pulmonary veins |
| What veins do the bronchial arteries usually drain into? (rt and lt) Remember much variation in this area. |
azygos on the right and hemi- or accesory azygos on the right |
| The superficial lymphatic plexus terminate usually terminates in what lymph nodes? |
the bronchopulmonary nodes |
| The deep lymphatic plexus usually takes what course of lymph drainage? |
pulmonary, bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial, paratracheal, bronchomediastinal trunks (lt and rt), thoracic duct and rt lymphatic duct, jugulosubclavian junction |
| The pulmonary plexus, consisting of both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, if formed by what two nervous system structures? |
upper thoracic sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve |
| What effect do sympathetic nerve impulses have upon the lung and associated structures? |
bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and decreased glandular secretion |
| What effect to parasympathetic impulses have on the lungs and associated structures? |
bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increase glandular secretions |
| The pulmonary plexus contains what type of nerve fibers that originate in the bronchial mucosa and alveoli? |
afferent fibers |
| This layer of plerua covers the outer surface of the lungs and extends into the depths of interlobar fissures? |
visceral |
| Visceral and pariertal pleura are ______________________ with each other by a cuff of pleura that surrounds the root of lung. |
continuous |
| The parietal and visceral pleura are seperated by a slit-like space known as what? What tye of space is this? |
pleural cavity, potential space |
| This occurs where the costal pleura becomes continuous with the diaphragmatic pleura inferiorly? |
costal line of reflection |
| This is the lowest part of the pleural cavity, below the inferiorly border of the lung, into which the lung expands on deep inspiration? |
costodiaphragmatic recess |
| This is loacted close to anterior border of lung, between costal and mediastinal pleurae, the lung slides here during deep inspiration? |
costomediastinal recess |
| The costal pleura is supplied by what nerve(s)? |
intercostal nerves |
| The mediastinal pleura is supplied by what nerve(s)? |
phrenic nerve |
| The diaphragmatic pleura is supplied by what nerve(s)? |
intercostal nerves peripheral part and phrenic nerve central part |
| Function of the lymphatic system? |
lymphatic vessels transport back to the blood any fluids that have escaped from the blood. |
| What is exchanged between the blood and interstital fluid? |
Nutrients, Wastes, and |
| Plasma Cells |
daughter cells that secrete antibodies into the blood |
| Macrophages |
play a crucial role in body protection |
| Dendric Cells |
capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes |
| Reticular Cells |
fibroblast like cells that produce the reticular fiber stroma |
| Palatine Tonsils |
located on either side at the posterior end of the oral cavity |
| Lingual Tonsils |
lumpy collection of lympoid follicles at the base of the tongue |
| Pharyngeal Tonsil |
posterior wall of the nasopharynx |
| Tubal tonsils |
surrond the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx |
| Peyers Patches |
large isolated clusters of lymphoid follicles that are located in the wall of the distal portionof the small intestine |
| MALT |
protects passages that are open to the exterior from the never ending onslaughts of foreign matter entering them. |
| Sentinel Node |
first node that recieves drainage from a body area suspected of being cancerous. |
| Antigens |
substances that can mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response |
| Ig D |
always attached to the external surface of a bcell |
| Bodys first line of defense |
Mucous Membrane and Skin |
| Keratin |
fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails that makes those structures hard and water repelant |
| NK Cells |
police blood and lymph, lyse and kill cancer cells and virus infected body cells |
| Exudate |
(blank) |
| Ig M |
circulates in blood plasma, agglutinating |
| Pyrogens |
secreted by leukocytes and macrophages exposed to foreign substances in the body |
| Ig G |
protects against bacteria, viruses, and toxins circulating in blood and lymph |
| Ig A |
exits in limited amounts in plasma. found in saliva, sweat, intestinal juice and milk |
| Ig E |
secreted by plasma cells in skin |
| Helper T Cells |
plays a central role in adaptive immunity |
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