Immunological Assays
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| What are myeloma cells? | Cells that grow forever like cancer, but don't make antibodies.
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| How are they killed? | When treated with hypoxanthine
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| What are the type of antigens that are produced in this reaction? | Monoclonal antibodies
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| What are monoclonal antibodies? | they can only see ONE antigen
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| What's wrong with the b-cells already in the body before adding the myeloma cells? | Make antibodies, but don't grow in culture
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| What happens when the cells fuse together? | They make antibody, grow forever, and are not sensitive to hypoxanthine
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| How would you produce monoclonal antibodies? | you'd need to mix the myeloma cells with some of the b-cells in the body and they'd fuse to form hybrid cells.
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| What are the clones called when the hybrid stuff dividies? | Hybridoma
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| What do we do with the hybridoma? | We see which ones make a specific antibody we want, so we isolate them and make an antibody we want
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| ANTIBODY REACTIONS | ANTIBODY REACTIONS
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| PRECIPITATION | PRECIPITATION
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| What kind of an antigen is needed for this reaction? | one with at least TWO antibody binding sites
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| What concentrations are critical for this reaction? Why? | both antigen and antibody; they dictate the curve
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| What ration is the curve based on? | Ratio of antigen to antibody
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| When does the max amount of precipitate form? What does that look like? | In zone of equivalanence; looks like a flat line
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| What are the three zones in the curve? What do each look like? | Zone of antibody excess (increase), equivalence (flat), and antigen excess (decrease)
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| AGGULITANTION with what antibody/ | IgM
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| FIG. 18.11 FLOURENSCENSE ANTIBODY | FLOURESENCE
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| What are the advantages of the FACS technique? | Can see how much antigen is on each cell, can sort cells based on antigen, VERY POWERFUL
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| Disadvantages? | Very EXPENSIVE
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| What are the steps involved in this process? | Flourescent Ab bind to cell, cells line up, machine sees how big cells are, sees how bright antibody is, and sort cell
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| What does the brightness of the Ab indicate? | how much antigen is on cell
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| What should you associate monoclonal antibodies with? | Mouse, wells, myeloma cells
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| What is the difference between monoclonal antibodies and antibodies? | NONE really, but I guess monoclonal antibodies divide forever
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| What must you have for the percepetation reaction to happen? | Antigen with TWO antibody binding sites
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| Best way to increase drug resistance? | Enzymatic destruction of the drug
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