Innate immunity
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| PHAGOCYTOSIS | PHAGOCYTOSIS
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| What are the stages of phagocytosis? | Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, phagosome formation, intracellular killing, digestion, residual body formation, and discharge of waste
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| COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION OUTCOMES | See fig. 16.9 p. 491
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| What are the results? | Inflammation, opsinization, cytolysis
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| What is involved in inflammation? what do each lead to? | C3a and C5a (signals for chemotaxis that attract WBC); release of histamine, which leads to swelling
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| What is invoved in opsinization? | C3b
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| What is opsinization? | Eat me signal
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| MULTISYSTEM DEFENSE MECHANISMS | ACTIVATORS OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
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| What allows inflammatory response in bacteria? | LPS, Peptidoglycan, and Teichoic acids, CpG
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| What's an indicator for this in bacteria? Why? | DBL stranded RNA virus cause we dont' have it
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| What are the signs of inflammatory response? | Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
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| SEQUENCE OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | SEE PAGE 488, FIG. 16.8
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| Go through the steps: (TAke your time...) | Bacterial infection or injury, acute phase proteins increase, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, leukocyte margination, lekocyte diapedesis, leukocytes destroy bacteria and host ells, fibrin deposition, abscess formation, healing (scar tissue
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| How long do neutrophils last ? | Short life-span
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| What is a cytokine | Interleukin
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| Increased capillary permeability leads to? | EDEMA (Swelling)
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| What does leukocyte diapedesis lead to? | Chemotaxis
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| What happens when leukocytes destroy bacteria nd host cell?; what kind of infection is this? | Pus; purulent infection
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| Fibrin deposition leads to? | Edema, bradykinin and prostagladin release
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| Antiviral dfense is due primarily to? | Interferons
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| What activates interferons? | Double stranded RNA;
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| What interferons are associated with viral passage from one cell to another? | Interferon Alpha and beta
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| NAME THE granulocytes? | Phils
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| What are agranulocytes? | Monocytes and lymphocytes
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| Results and steps of vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels/ | Release chemicals, blood clot, edema
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| Steps involved in migration and phagcytosis? | Migration, emigration, and diapedesis
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