Kidneys: Structure and Function
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| What does each nephron in the kidney consist of? | Renal corpuscle, tubule
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| What is the purpose of the renal corpuscle? | Filters
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| What is the renal corpuscle consist of? | Glomerulus, and bowman's capsule
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| What does the tubule segment into? | Proximal tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct
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| What is the function of the proximal tubule? | Processes organic, inorganic, and water
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| What does the loop of henle do? | Concentrates urine
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| What is the purpose of the collecting duct system? (2 things) | Fine tunes urine and is a site for hormones
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| What do the collecting ducts do? | Urine flows from the tubules to get into renal pelvis-->ureter-->bladder
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| What supplies the glomerulus? | Afferent arteriole
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| What does the efferent arteriole do? | Leaves glomerulus to divide into peritubular caps
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| What do the peritubular caps do? | Supply the tubule
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| What are the three main renal processes? | Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption
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| Equation for excretion: | (filtered + Secreted) - Reabsorbed
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| URINE FORMATION | URINE FORMATION
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| What initiates the process of urine formation? | Glomerular filtration
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| What is the average amount of filtratrate and what is the filtrate? | 180L/DAY; protein free plasma
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| Where does the filtrate then go? | Bowman's capsule
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| What is the concentration difference of the all the filtrate; meaning, what is retained more/less? | All equal
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| What drives glomelular filtration? | Hydrostatic pressure in glomelular caps
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| What opposes glomelular filtration? | Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's cap and osmotic force b/c of proteins
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| TUBULAR REABSORPTION | REAPSORPTION
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| Where does the reabsorped stuff go? | Peritubular cappilaries
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| How does reabsorption occur? | Active of diffusion
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| What is the water sodium, glucose and urea filtered by day? | 180; 630; 180; 54
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| What si the Water, sodium, glucose, and urea excreted per day? | 1.8; 3.2; 0; 30
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| TRANSPORT MECHANISMS | TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
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| ACTIVE | ACTIVE
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| What is the transport maximum? | When the filtered load of the thing is above the maximum, excrete rest of stuff in urine
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| give an example of somthing that manifests this phenomena? | Glucose
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| DIFFUSION | DIFFUSION
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| Where does teh diffusion gradient arise? | Water reqbsorption createstubule interstitium
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| What diffuses? | Urea
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| TUBULAR SECRETION | TUBULAR SECRETION
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| What is it? | Moving stuff from Pertube caps to tubules.
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| What are the two methods for a substance to gain entry into the tubule? | Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
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| What are teh most important tube secretions? | K+ and H+
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| CLEARANCE | CLEARANCE
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| What is it? | Volume of plasma from whicha sustance is cleared by kidney
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| Clearance equation? | S = mass of s excreted / plasma concentration of s
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| GFR | Glomelular filtration rate
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| How is GFR measured? | mean insulin cleared
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| How is it estimated? | mean of creatinine clearance
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| MICTURITION | EJECTION OF URINE FROM TEH BLADDER
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| How does urination work? First step | stretch of bladder activates receptors
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| Step two: | contract detrusor msucle parasympathetically
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| Step THREE:I | Inhibit motor neurons to external urethra
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| What is inhibited during filling? | Detruser
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| What is inhibited during urination? | external and internal urethra
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| What mechanism is used, active or passive, to gain water vs. sodium and potasium? | Water: passive; sodium and potasium; active
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