Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Transport
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES | LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES
🗑
|
||||
| DEFINITIONS: | DEFINITIONS
🗑
|
||||
| Tidal volume: | Air volume when entering or leaving lungs during a SINGLE inhilation or expiration
🗑
|
||||
| What is it in normal breating? Vt | 500ml
🗑
|
||||
| In a graph, what does the max inspiration look like? | A max peak
🗑
|
||||
| Expiration? | A min peak
🗑
|
||||
| Residiual volume: | Air left in lungs AFTER max active expiration
🗑
|
||||
| What is it on average? | 1000mL
🗑
|
||||
| Vital capacity equation? What is it on average? | resting Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; 5000mL
🗑
|
||||
| What does it look like in a graph?" | Max + min peak, conected
🗑
|
||||
| Forced Vital Capacity: | Volume expired during a forced maximal expiration.
🗑
|
||||
| How much is expired int he first second? | Most of it
🗑
|
||||
| ALVEOLAR VENTILATION | ALVEOLAR VENTILATION
🗑
|
||||
| Minute ventilation: | Total ventilation per minute
🗑
|
||||
| What is ventilation: | Movement of air
🗑
|
||||
| How is it calculated? | Min Vent = Vt * Resp Rate
🗑
|
||||
| Anatomic dead space: How much do we have? | Volume of air in conducting airways not involved in gas exchange; 150mL
🗑
|
||||
| Alveolar ventilation equation: | (Vt - anatomic dead space) * respiratory rate
🗑
|
||||
| EXCHANGE OF GASES IN ALVEOLI AND TISSUES | EXCHANGE B/W ALVEOLI AND TISSUES
🗑
|
||||
| Respiratory Quotient: what is it a measure of? | Oxygen consumed by cells and C produced; measure of metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to RQ if you increase fat intake? What value does it become? | Decrease RQ; 0.7
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if you increase Carb intake? What value does it become? | Increase RQ; 1.0
🗑
|
||||
| What is the normal RQ amount? What if your amount is greater? | 0.8; if you have 1.1, it means you have more oxygen out than in...not good
🗑
|
||||
| PARTIAL PRESSURES OF GASES | PARTIAL PRESSURES OF GASES
🗑
|
||||
| Why can diffusion occur? | Due to partial pressure differences
🗑
|
||||
| What does atmospheric pressure equal what pressure? | Barometric pressure
🗑
|
||||
| What is atmospheric pressure the result of? | Sum of all partial pressures
🗑
|
||||
| What does the partial pressure of oxygen equal? | %Oxygen over total atmospheric pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Say you're at the top of mt. everest with 21% Oxygen, does your barometric pressure go up or down? | Down, man, down! Get down from that mountain
🗑
|
||||
| What is normal alveolar gas pressure of Oxygen? What about C? | O: 105
C: 40
🗑
|
||||
| What is alveolar PO2? If you have a high ratio, is alveolar PO2 high or low? | ratio Oxygen consumption to alveolar ventilation; low PO2
🗑
|
||||
| Is this different in CO2? What is the average value at rest for systemic venous PO2? CO2? | Yes, the higher ratio of CO2 to alveolar ventilation, the higher the alveolar C. PO2: 40 PCO: 46
🗑
|
||||
| HYPER VS. HYPOVENTILATION | HYPER VS. HYPO
🗑
|
||||
| What is hypoventilation? C and O amounts? What does this lead to? | Shallow breathing; high C, low O; not enough oxygenated blood
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if we have an increased amount of CO2? What reflex sets in, I mean? | Brainstem tells us to breath!
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to CO2 if you decrease PO2 in venous side? Arterial side? | Venous: Increase CO2, Arterial, Decrease CO2
🗑
|
||||
| How does arterial side change in excerciese? | PCO2-->Increase CO2
🗑
|
||||
| ALVEOLAR BLOOD GAS EXCHANGE | ALVEOLAR BLOOD GAS EXCHANGE
🗑
|
||||
| As systemic venous blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries, what happens to O and CO2? | There's diffusion of Oxygen from alveoli to blood and of carbon dioxide from blood to alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| What are the final blood gas pressures at the end of the pulm capillaries? | They are equal to those in the alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| So, what about hte PO and PCO2 in systemic arterial blood? | They're like the pressures in teh alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| SUMMARY OF GAS PRSSURES | IMPORTANT VALUES
🗑
|
||||
| Venous PO2 and PCO2: | O: 40; C: 46
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial PO2 and PCO2: | O: 100; C: 40
🗑
|
||||
| Alveoli PO2 and PCO2: | O: 105; C: 40
🗑
|
||||
| PERFUSION INEQUALITY | PEFUSION INEQUALITY
🗑
|
||||
| When would you have not enough gas exchange b/w alveoli and pulmonary capillaries? | When the alveolus capillayry surface area is decreased, alveolar wall thickens, and when there are ventilation perfusion innequalities
🗑
|
||||
| What do ventilation perfusion inequalities cause? | Reduce Systemic arterial PO2
🗑
|
||||
| How do we oppose mismatching? | Low local PO2 causes vasoconstriction, shunting blood from poorly ventilated areas
🗑
|
||||
| In tissues, net diffusion of Oxygen occurs from WHAT to WHAT? Vs. net diffusion of CO2? | O2: Blood to Cells; CO2 cells to blood
🗑
|
||||
| TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN IN BLOOD | TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN IN BLOOD
🗑
|
||||
| 1 Liter of arterial blood has how much oxygen? (how much bound to hemoglobin too) | 200 ml Oxygen, 98% bound , rest dissolved
🗑
|
||||
| What is the major determinant of the degree to which hemaglobin is saturated with oxygen? | Partial pressure of Oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| When is the hemaglobin fully saturated? | At normal systemic arteral partial pressure of 100
🗑
|
||||
| What protects us from having too low of a saturation? What percent of O2 actually leaves Hb to go to tissues? | there's a huge cushion; 25%
🗑
|
||||
| Rank the following in order of how saturated with Oxygen (from lowest to highest): High elevation, excercise, normal | Excercise, high elevation, to normal
🗑
|
||||
| Hemaglobin affinity is influenced by: | CO2, [H+], and temperature, DPG
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to increase pH? | Dump more oxygen at tissue
🗑
|
||||
| When would you see a decrease in pH, which would have the opposite effect of the thing above? | In excercise
🗑
|
||||
| What does DPG do for affinity of Hb? When does it increase? | It decreases affinity; increases when we've got not enough Oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| What impacts the abilitty to deliver O2? | Partial pressure of O2
🗑
|
||||
| Each liter of blood contains how mcuh CO2? In what form? | 550 ml Co2, 90% in HCO3 (bicarbonate)
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to most CO2 molecules when they diffuse from tissues into blood? | Most forms bicarbonate
🗑
|
||||
| What does it do after it forms bicarbonate? What does it exchange itself for? | out of erythrocyte --> plasma in exchange for chloride ions
🗑
|
||||
| TRANSPORT OF HYDROGEN IONS | TRANSPORT OF HYDROGEN IONS
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to hydrogen ions formed in blood passage? | Bind to deoxyhemaglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Why? | Because deoxyhemaglobin has high affinity for hydrogen ions
🗑
|
||||
| What is the net equation for CO2 transport? | CO2 + water -->Carbonic acid (H2CO3) -->H+ and HCO3
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the bound hydrogen ions when the blood flows through the lung capillaries? | They are released and combine with bicarbonate to ---:>CO2 and Water
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
talkglitter2486