Respiratory System: Ventilation and Lung Mechanics
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OVERVIEW | OVERVIEW
🗑
|
||||
| 2 meanings of respiration: | Useing oxygen in metabolism and exchange of oxygen and CO2
🗑
|
||||
| What is a product of metabolism that is toxic to us? | CO2
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three functions of the respiratory system? | 1. Get oxygen, get rid of CO2, and regulate pH
🗑
|
||||
| ORGANIZATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | ORGANIZATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
🗑
|
||||
| Inspiration: | Movement of air from outside to airway to alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| Expiration: | Opposite direction
🗑
|
||||
| AIRWAYS | AIRWAYS
🗑
|
||||
| During inspiration, air passes through the nose of mouth into what structure? What additional role does this structure have? | The phyrnx; prevent food from getting into lungs
🗑
|
||||
| What does the phyrnx branch into? Go up to the point of bronchioles...ready, go! | Phynx--> esophogas (food) lyrnx (air)-->Trachea-->2 bronchi-->bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| CONDUCTING ZONE OF THE AIRWAY | CONDUCTING ZONE OF THE AIRWAY
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two zones of the airway? | Conducting zone and respiratory zone
🗑
|
||||
| CONDUCTING ZONE | CONDUCTING
🗑
|
||||
| What makes up the conduting zone? | Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| Why is there so much branching? | To increase sufrace area for air exchange
🗑
|
||||
| Say we output 5L of blood as Cardiac Output, how much of it goes to the lungs? | ALL OF IT, BABY!!
🗑
|
||||
| RESPIRATORY ZONE | RESPIRATORY
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three components of the respiratory zone? | Alveoli, their ducts, and lots of blood
🗑
|
||||
| What are alveoli? What do they exchange with? | Air containing sacs of gas exchange with blood
🗑
|
||||
| How does O2 exchange happen? By what method, I mean? | Diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| What defense stuff do we have in the epithelial sufraces of the airways? | Cilia
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of cilia? | Beat bad stuff toward phyrnx and mucos secretions
🗑
|
||||
| What is cystic fibrosis and what is it caused by? | Pulm disease in whites; caused by problems with mucos lining of lungs
🗑
|
||||
| What is a slippery thing between the lungs and thorax? | The intrapleural fluid
🗑
|
||||
| What are its two functions? | Lubricates lungs to keep them together with thorax and deals with pressure changes in lungs
🗑
|
||||
| What is neumo thorax? | hole in lung-->collapse
🗑
|
||||
| What are the five basic steps inolved in ventilation? | Ventilation, Exchange of O and C b/w alveolar air and blood, Transport of O and C through heart by bulk flow, Exchange of O and C b/w capillaries and tissues, and Cells use O and produce C
🗑
|
||||
| Ventilation: By what mechanism does it happen? | Exchange of air b/w atmosphere and alveoli by BULK FLOW
🗑
|
||||
| The first exchange happens where by what? | Exchange b/w alveolar air and blood in lung capillaries by diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| The last Exchange happens by what mechanism and where? | Exchange O and C b/w blood in capillaries and tissues by diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| VENTILLATION | VENTILLATION
🗑
|
||||
| BULK FLOW OF AIR | BULK FLOW OF AIR
🗑
|
||||
| When does bulk flow of air happen? | When the pressure in teh alveoli is lower than the atmospheric pressure
🗑
|
||||
| What is the flow in lung equation? | (Palv - Patm)/Rairway
🗑
|
||||
| What is the clinical description of what happens in asthma? | It is bronchoconstriction, so you reduce air exchange and decrease flow
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to volume in ionspiration? how? Apply boyle's law | Diaphragm contracts and increases the volume of the thoracic cage, which decreases intrapleural pressure by boyle's law
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the term subatmosopheric apply? What does it MEAN? | it makes the intrapleural pressure subatmospheric (meaning that the outside pressure is grater than the inside pressure, so air moves in and lungs expand)
🗑
|
||||
| What does the decrease in intrapleural pressure result in? | Increases transpulmonary pressure, and makes the lungs expand
🗑
|
||||
| Where is pressure difference in the lungs neccessary to drive air flow into teh lungs/ | the alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| What is the presure in the pleura now? SO? | Negative pressure, so air moves in, baby
🗑
|
||||
| What are teh sequence of 7 steps that allow inspiration (ventillation) to occur? | 1. Intercostal/diaphram contracts 2. Thorax expand 3. Intrapleural prsesure becomes subatmospheric 4. Increase transpulmonary pressure 5. Lungs expand 6. alveolar pressure becomes subatmospheric 7. air flow into lungs
🗑
|
||||
| EXPIRATION | EXPIRATION
🗑
|
||||
| Is expiration a passive or active proccess? What does this mean? | Passive; you HAVE to do it
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of a process is inspiration then? | Active
🗑
|
||||
| What is the process of expiration? | RElax inspiration muscles to let lungs and chest wall get back to normal size
🗑
|
||||
| What does this ation lead to? | Compresses alveolar air, raising the pressure and getting air outo f the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| If you're excercising, is inspiration active or passive? | ACTIVE, otherwise it is passive
🗑
|
||||
| What is teh Functional Residual Capacity? | The volume of air int eh lungs at the end of an unfored expiration.
🗑
|
||||
| What is acting in this case? | Only PASSIVe forces of the lungs and chest wall
🗑
|
||||
| What are teh lungs vs. chest doing in FCR? | They are stretched and are atteping to recoil; but the chest is compressed and attepting to move forward
🗑
|
||||
| What does this lead to? | Subatmosphering intrapleural pressure
🗑
|
||||
| What is transpulmonary pressure? | (P alv - Pip)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of transpulmonary pressure? | Force acting to hold lungs open
🗑
|
||||
| At pulled chest, do we have a positve or negative transpulmonary pressure? | Positive (+)
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the thoracic size in forced contractions? Why? Give example: | Decrease size b/c the expiratory muscles are contracting; this is in excercise of the hyplic maneuver
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism fo the hymlic manuver? | Sqeeze lung, decrease volume, increase alveoli pressure, expire
🗑
|
||||
| LUNG COMPLIANCE | LUNG COMPLIANCE
🗑
|
||||
| What is lung compliance? | Change in lung volume produced by a change in transpulmonary pressure
🗑
|
||||
| How do you increase compliance? | Increase volume per unit pressure
🗑
|
||||
| What is the degree of lung expansion proportional to? | Transpulmonary pressure
🗑
|
||||
| What is comliance determined by? | Elastic tissue in lung, and surface tesnion of the fluid lining the alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| What does the chest want to do naturally? | Expand
🗑
|
||||
| What is surfactant? What does it do? | From type II epithilial cells of teh alveoli that reduces surface tesnion and increase compliance
🗑
|
||||
| What does Air flow equal? | (Patm - Palv) / Resistance
🗑
|
||||
| AIRWAY RESISTANCE | AIR RESISTANCE
🗑
|
||||
| What does airway resistance determine? | How much air flows into the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| What is teh major determinant of airway resistance? | Radii of the airway
🗑
|
||||
| What are the radii of the airway influenced by? | Transpulmonary pressure, mucos accumulation, Ach and histamine, and epinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| What do mucos accumulations have a role in? What do they do? | Colds, allergies, CF; they vasoconstrict
🗑
|
||||
| PULMONARY DISEASE | PULMONARY DISEASE
🗑
|
||||
| What happens in asthma? | Airway smooth muscle contracts, release mucos, which increases airway resistance and impairs breathing
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two types of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE? | Emphysema or chronchitis
🗑
|
||||
| What happens in Emphysema? What is a possible cause? | Alveolar walls get destroyed, so you can't do gas exchange. Can be caused by self-destruction by lytic enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic bronchotiis is what? | Too much mucos made in bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| What is in common b/w bronchitis and emphysema? | Small airways can be damaged
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
talkglitter2486