History Mid Term
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Original Dilemma of Governemnt | Freedom Vs Order - How much freedom should a citizen expect to surrender in exchange for safety?
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| 3 Major Purposes of Government | Maintaining Order
Provide Public Goods
Promote Equality (20th century)
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| Modern Dilemma of Gov | Freedom Vs Equality - What is the cost of social/political equality
Civil rights Legislation/Affirmative action
Government programs (Medicaid/Medicare)
Americans with disabilities
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| Constitutional foundations | Distance and costs led to Britain granting significant self-rule to American Colonies
Colonists knew Independence and freedom of religion because of lifestyles
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| Social contract theory | Rulers rule by the consent of the ruled
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| Constitutional principles | Republicanism- People elect representatives for their interests
Federalism - States hold some sovereignty within national government
Separation of Powers - Each branch of Gov has specific powers
Checks and Balances- Each branch can limit some powers
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| New Jersey Plan | Unicameral - legislature based on equal representation
Multi-person executive with no veto power
supreme court with limited power
Legislative acts would be supreme law of the land
Neither plan was accepted on it's own
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| Articles of Confederation | System of government in America during Revolutionary War. (Very weak)
Three major weaknesses: No power to levy taxes,No leadership position (President),No control over inter- or intra-state commerce (money
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| States Right Federalism | there is a firm demarcation, even tension, between the national and state governments (layer cake metaphor)
The national government holds only powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution (Enumerated Powers)
10th Amendment guarantees State powers
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| Dual Federalism | States have sovereignty within their borders
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| Nationalist Federalism | Theory that contends that the federal system is like a marble cake where state and national powers overlap. Supports the Supremacy Clause
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| Recall | Voters could remove elected officials before end of term
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| Initiative | A law proposed by the public through petition process
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| Referendum | Direct popular vote on proposed laws or constitutional amendments
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| Petition | a formal request to parliament for action, such as a need to change an existing law or to pass a new law
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| Political Parties | Organizations that sponsor candidates for state and national offices
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| Function of Political Parties | Nominating Candidates
Structuring voter choice
Proposing Government Programs- Develop platforms on how they will govern
Coordinating Government Actions- 2 party system forces cooperation to make policy
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| The two-Party System | Unique among democratic countries
Result of electoral system and political socialization-Electoral College forces voters to choose between 2 candidates because majority choice receives electoral vote
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| Impact from two-party | Third parties have had significant impact during selected elections mostly due to social movements but have not had electoral success and serve to divide national parties
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| Electoral College | The Constitution provides that the President shall be chosen by electors chosen by the states
A state gets a number of electors equal to their representation in Congress (Needs 270 to win)
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| Problems with Electoral College | Magnifies perceived support
Candidate can win with a minority of popular vote
Limits 3rd party influence
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| Iron Triangle | alliances based on common interests among government agencies, business interests, and Congress
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| Political Party Ideologies | Conservatives - limited government generally believe the states should be more independent from national control
States have a better grasp on what they need to do to deal with their problems
National government should mind it’s own business
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| Liberals | worry that states would take advantage of limited national oversight to push local agendas over national programs
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| Campaign policies | to support their candidates through framing national issues, highlighting past performance, and personal characteristics
Also vital in get out the vote movements and deciding where to spend money
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| Constitutional Principles | Republicanism
People elect representatives to represent their interests in government
Federalism
States hold some sovereignty within national government
Separation of Powers
Each branch of government has specific powers
Checks and Balances
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| Article 5 | Amendment process - Establishes procedures to change the Constitution
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| Article 6 | Supremacy clause
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| Article 7 | Ratification - Outlines procedure for accepting the Constitution
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| Checks and Balances | Each branch can limit some powers of the other two
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| bill of rights | All changes must occur through the process outlined in Article 5 10 Amendments were added to the Constitution to ensure individual rights and limit the power of the Government.
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