Natural Selection
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| Lamarck | suggested that organisms evolved by the process of adaption
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| What did Darwin observed in the finch species? | they differed in beaks and feeding habitats. He believed it was evolution
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| What did Darwin observed? | organism produce more offspring than the environment can support; they vary in many characteristics; these variations can be inherited
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| What did Darwin concluded? | individual best suited for an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those less adapted; indiv. w/favorable characteristics increases; pop. gradually change to environment
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| What year did Darwin publish Origin of Species | 1859
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| Natural Selection - define it | the differential reproduction of genotypes caused by factors in the environ. leads to change through time = evolution
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| Step 1 in natural selection | individual produce more offspring than can survive, resources are limited
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| Step 2 in natural selection | individual vary in many traits (random mutation leads to genetic variability)
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| Step 3 in natural selection | variation is often passed to offspring
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| Step 4 in natural selection | individ. w/traits that are more suited (adpated) to their environ. are more successful at passing their traits on to next generation
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| Step 5 in natural selection | over time, favorable alleles become more frequent & disadvantage alleles become less frequent
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| What is artificial selection | when human chose organisms with specific characteristics as breeding stock, they are performing the role of the environ.
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| Example of artificial selection | five veggies derived from wild mustard
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| Two main reason why evoltuion is important | 1) evolution of insecticide resistance 2) pesticide resistance
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| How do insects become more resistant to pesticides? | Pop. have genetic variation 2) environ. change and kill the ones not having that mutation 3) insects become more resistant
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| Which evolve quicker, bacteria or eukaryotes? | bacteria (20 min. generation time)
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| Why can bacteria evolve so fast? | huge pop. w/lots of genetic diversity, get genes via horizontal transfer (plasmids w/ Multiple Drug Resistance)
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| How do we get antibiotic resistance in bacteria? | by using more antibiotic (we wipe out the bacteria w/out plasmid and the plasmid one is left and that divides)
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| What can we do to decrease bacteria | wash hands, stay home when we're stick; take full course of antibiotic; antiobiotic do not cure viral infection
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