Reproduction+ Vert Embryo
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| whats a sex cell | gamete
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| whats a fertilized egg | zygote
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| the sex of child is determined by____ | the sperm
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| in men LH hormone stimulates _____ to release _______ | testes, androgens mainly testosterone
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| SEVEN UP | pathway for sperm: seminif tubules, epididymis, vas deferen,ejaculatory duct; urethral openin, penis
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| whats egg production | oogenesis
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| spermstogenesis goes on continually while oogenesis is _______ | cyclic
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| FSH stimulates primary oocyte to _______ | complete meiosis 1: to form haploid cells :secondary oocyte and first polar body
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| Wats the fate of the secondary oocyte | it dies if not fertilized, if fertilized it undergoes meiosis 2 and forms a zygote.
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| begins with the cessation of menstrual flow from previos cycle | Follicular phase
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| Promotes development of follicle which secretes estrogen | FSH
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| triggers ovulation, and has a surge during midcycle | LH
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| ________ is the release of egg from follicle | ovulation
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| ______ ______ follicle develops into corpus luteum which secretes estrogen and progesterone | Luteal phase
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| _____ causes the endometrium to prepare for implantation | Progesterone
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| _______ occurs if egg isnt fertilized; and drop in progesterone and estrogen | Menstruation
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| ____ produces hcG if fertilized | placenta
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| ____ _____ asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, dna replicate and cell divides in 2 equal sized cell | binary fission
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| _______ replication of nucleus and unequal cytokinesis eg in yeast and hydra | Budding
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| _______regrowth of lost/ injured body part | regeneration
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| evolution trends towards increased ________ generation | sporophyte (2n)
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| Gametophytes reproduce ______ and sporophytes reprodyce _____ | sexually, asexually
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| 2 daughter cells with exact copy of parent cells | mitosis
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| nuclear division | karyokinesis
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| cell division | cytokinesis
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| _______ chromosome replicates to produce identical sister chromatids | Interphase
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| ______ chromosome condense and nuclear membrane dissolves | Prophase
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| ______ chromosomes align at the center of cell aka equator | Metaphase
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| _______ chromosomes split so each chromatid is pulled to opposite poles | Anaphase
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| ______ nuclear membrane reforms around the newly formed chromosomes with the 2n | Telophase
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| _______ _______forms during cytokinesis in animals,_______ _____forms during cytokinesis in plants | cleavage furrow, cell plate
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| Formation of sex cell and produces haploid cells (gametes) | Meiosis
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| _______ homologous chromosomes paired, synapsis and crossing over, (recombination) | Prophase 1
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| ____ homolog pair align on the equator | Metaphase 1
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| ____ homolog pairs separ8 and pulled to oppsite poles | ANAPHASE 1
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| ___ membrane forms around each new nucleus containing sister chromatids | Telophase 1
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| ______ is similar to mitosis | Meiosis 2
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| Rapid division which increases nuclear ratio but not the cytoplasm | cleavage
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| _______ cleavage can develop in an organism while ______ cleavage differentiate to specialized regions of the body | Indeterminate, determinate
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| Stages of development to reach neurula stage | 1.Cleavage-early mitotic division
2.Blastula- ball of undifferentiated cells
3.Gastrulation- endoderm, mesoderm ectoderm
*neurulation occurs with gastrulation
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| why do vertebrate eggs vary in the amount yolk | related to the reproductive characteristic: # of offspring and parental care
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| provide nutrients to embryo | yolk
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| Animal pole________ and vegetal pole _______ | has little no yolk so rapidly divides, has moderate or large amts of yolk that restricts cleavage division.
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| type of Cleavage divisions? | Holoblastic equal- amphioxus, mammals
holoblastic subequal- amphibians
meroblastic- reptiles and birds
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| whats gastrulation | reorganization of blastula to form multilayered structure: ecto meso endoderm.
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| what processes occur during gastrulation | 1.disappearance of blastocoel which becomes primitive gut Archenetron
2.Induction of nearby cells
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| ________forms the integument, central nervous system | Ectoderm
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| _____ forms the digestive and resp tracrs | Endoderm
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| _______ forms the musculoskeletal circulatory | Mesoderm
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| In gastrulation the ______ differentiate to _______ which forms the notochord | mesoderm, chordomesoderm,
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| Notochord induces the formation of _______ and ultimately ______ | neural plate and Neurulation
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| From which tissue layer is the nervous system formed | Ectoderm
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| neural tube made of ______ cells roll into a tube to form nerve cord | ectoderm
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| ____ ____ ____ contribute to skin pigments, nerve ganglia | neural crest cells
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| _______ _______ forms sensory organ components: lens, inner ear etc. | ectodermal placodes
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| Mesoderm differentiates to 3 layers | epimere, mesomere, hypomere
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| epimere has repeated blocks called | somites
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| somites are divided into 3 layers | dermatome- skin musculature
myotome- body musculature
sclerotome-vertebrae
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| ______ forms excretory and reproductive organs | Mesomere
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| Inner layer of hypomere/ gut wall | splanchnic hypomere
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| outer layer of hypomere/ body wall | somatic hypomere
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| Amniotes have 4 membranes | chorion- outer membrane
allantois-connects gut and transports N2waste
amnion- fluid filled protects the embryo
yolk sac- transfer food to embryo
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| Placenta forms from | chorion
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| umbilical cord forms from | allantois
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Created by:
smuttz
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