Alkane-Aromatic
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| X2 addition to alkane results | Free radical substitution
BR attach to more substituted C
Cl looks for primary C
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| ____ nucleus lover and electron rich | Nucleophile
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| RO- is a ______ nucleophile | strong
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| in Protic solvents _______ atoms are better nucleophiles, increases down a group | larger atoms,( I is stronger than F)
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| in aprotic solvents (DMSO) _______ bases are better nucleophiles | strong bases the halides F is strongest
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| Leaving groups are _______ bases | weak; I is preferred over F
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| ______ forms Carbocation. Favors more substituted carbocation and good leaving group and protic solvents, and racemic products (2) | Sn1
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| bimolecular substitution, strong nucleophile, no steric hindrance, aprotic solvents, optical activity maintaied | SN2, (bonds are flipped
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| cis/z have higher ______ than trans/ E | boiling points (polar)
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| trans/E have higher _____ than cis/Z | melting points (nonpolar)
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| favors highly substituted carbocation, protic solvents, good leaving group and HIGH temps | E1
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| STRONG BASE, STERIC HINDRANCE,more substituted double bond is preferred, | E2
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| Alkene+ H2 with Pd ------------> | Catalytic hydrogenation; H added on same side " syn" to form alkane
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| Alkene+ HX------> | Sn1: H adds first to least subst C the halide to most subst C aka markovnikovs
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| Alkene+ X2 | Sn2: the halides are added anti (opp)to each other
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| Alkene+ H2O under acidic conditions | Sn1: H adds first then Oh to most stable Carbocation aka Markovnikov
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| Alkene + HX in presence of peroxides, oxygen or other impurities | free radical rxns which are antimarkovnikov ( X adds first and H last to more subst C)
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| Alkene+ B2H6 | hydroboration; Boron attach to less subst C then H adds to most stable C then B is replaced by OH. Syn addition and anti markov
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| Alkene + cold dilute Kmno4 | syn addn 1,2 diol (OH, OH addn on either side of = bond
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| Alkene + hot basic KMNO4 | 1. terminal alkene= carboxylic acid +Co2
2. non terminal = 2 Carboxylic acids
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| Alkene + Ozone with Zn | adds =O splits the original double bond and adds H, 1 product
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| Alkene + ozone with NaBh4 | spits duble bond and adds OH, 2 alcohols formed
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| Alkene + mcpba | oxiranes, epoxide
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| alkyne have ____ boiling points than alkenes | higher
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| synthesize alkyne | geminal or vicinal halide + high temps and strong base. removes 2 HX
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| Alkyne+ lindlars catalyst | (H2+ Pd)----> cis alkene
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| Alkyne + Na in ammmonia | trans alkene
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| Alkyne + X2 | markovnikov, alken halide
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| Alkyne + free radical | anti mark, trans isomer alkene is more stable. ( X opp the higher prioriy)
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| Alkyne + hydroboration | syn, alkene ( adds 2 H)
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| non terminal Alkyne + basic KMNO4 then acid | 2 carboxylc acids
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| general formula for aromatic compd | 4n+2pi electron
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| 1,2 disub in aryl compds | ortho
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| 1,3 disub in aryl compds | meta
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| 1,4 disub in aryl compds | para
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| arom compds + X2 in lewis acid eg FeBr3 | monosubstituted X product
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| arom compd + So3 in H2SO4 | monosub SO3H addition
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| arom compd + HNO3 in H2So4 | monosubstitute NO2
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| arom compds + friedel craft in lewis acid | monosub + the cl is lost from acyl grp
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| arom + H2 an Rh/C | removes all the double bonds
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| synthesize alkene | elimination of alcohols or alkyl halide
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| base + alkyl halide | lose HX forms alkene
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| alcohol + acid | lose H and OH forms alkene
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| aprotic solvent have H attached to | C
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| protic solvent have Ha attached to | electroneg atoms like O, N, F
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| aprotic solvents favor _____________ | SN2 or E2 because they have strong bases that would react with a proton if present
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| strong nucleophile | ability to fit so cant be bulky
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| bulky nucleophile is a _______ nucleopjile and ______ base and favors _____ rxns | weak; strong; E2
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| _______ Oh on benzene | phenol
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| ch3 on benzene | toluene
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| nh2 on benzene | aniline
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| for cycloalkenes that have a branched grp we | assign1 at the start of alkene then move thru the alkene then number the branch grp
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| for compds with alkyne and alkene we name it | we number to give them the lowest numbers but the yne and ene shud a=be alphabetized after numbering
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| H2 with poisoned catalyst +alkyne forms | cis H addition on alkene
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| alkene stability is based on | the number of substitution about the double bond more is more stable
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| heteroatom aromatic compd | has either N or O in the ring and stilll follows 4n+2pi
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Created by:
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