Muscle II
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| Tension: | Force exerted on an object by a CONTRACTING muscle
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| Contraction: | Activating cross bridge cycle
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| TYPES OF CONTRACTIONS | TYPES OF CONTRACTIONS
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| What are the three types of contractions? | Isometric, isotonic and lengthening (eccentric)
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| Isometric: | Muscle developes tension, but doesn't shorten
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| When would this happen? | Pushing against resistance
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| Isotonic: | Load on muscle remains constant but the muscle is shorteniing
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| When would this happen? | Lifing weight, weight is constant--> you shorten muscle
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| Lenghening: | External load on a muscle is greater than muscle tension, causing muscle to lengthen
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| Example? | If you get passed a haeave object, and you just don't have enough strenght to lift it
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| Twitch contractions: | Mechanical response of a muscle fiber to a single AP
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| Contraction time: | Time interval from start of tension to peak tension.
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| What is the latent period? | Delay before onset of shortening
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| What does the magnitute of the load being lifted impact? | Distance shortened and latent period
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| So what's the time and distance shortened of a muscle lifting a really light object? | Short latent period and shortened a lot
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| What is summation? | Increasing AP leads to increase in tension and shortening
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| What causes summatioN? | Calcium not having time to get back in SR--> increases tension
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| What is tetnus? | Max tension
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| What is optimal length? | Max overlap of thick and thin filaments
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| What happens when you go beyond LO? | You decrease tension
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| What is the relationship between velocity of shortening and load size? | indirect relationship! As load size increases, velocity of shortening decreases
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| When would maximum velocity occur? | at zero load
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| What determines shortening velocitY/ | rate at which individual cross-bridges undergo cycling
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| MUSCLE METABOLISM | MUSCLE METABOLISM
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| What happens to the rate of ATP breakdown as the muslce is contracting? | Rate continues to increase
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| How can muscle fibers form ATP during contractle activity? | 1. Transfer phosophate from creatine phsophate to ADP 2. Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP in mitochondria 3. Substrate level lphosphorylation of ADP in glycolytic pathway
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| EXCERCISE | EXCERCISE
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| What is the fuel consumed at begining of excercie? | Glycogen
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| In the middle? | Glucose and fatty acids from blood
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| When the intesity of excercise becomes great? | Glycolysis contributes a larger % of ATP generated
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| What's the point of using the glycolysis? | So you don't use blood glucose
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| What is muscle fatigue? | Stimulating the same muscle fiber over and over again which leads to a decrease in tension
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| What causes muscle fatigue? | Internal changes in acidity; phosphate concentration; glycogen depletion; excition contraction coupling failure NOT by a lack of ATP
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| What happens as a result of muscle fatigue? | ATPase pump area decrease in Acidity stop sus from getting Ca from SR,
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| What does it mean if we can't get Calcium: | Stops contracting
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| TYPES OF SKELATAL MUSCLE FIBERS | SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS
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| How can we differentiate b/w muscle fibers? | How fast they shorten, how they get ATP
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| COMPARE FAST AND SLOW FIBERS | FAST AND SLOW FIBERS
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| How fast can fast fibers break down AtP? | Really fast
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| How about slow fiber? | more sllowly
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| OXIDATIVE AND GLYCOLYTIC FIBERS | OXIDATIVE AND GLYCOLYLTIC
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| What do oxidative fibers have that the glycolytic don't? Thus, what can they do that the other one ccan't? | They have mitochondria and can carry out oxidative phosphorylation
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| Glycolytic fibers: | Few mitochondria, but lots of glycogen
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| Which one has more myoglobin? | The oxidative fibers
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| Which one can develop a greater maximal tension? Why? | The glycolytic, because they're bigger
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| What are the three types of muscle fibers that can exist? | Fast and slow oxidativem, and fast glycolytic
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| Slow oxidative characteristics: | Low myosin-ATPase activity and high oxidative capicity
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| Fast oxidative characteristics: | High myosin-atpase activity and HIGH oxidative capacity
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| Fast glycolytic: | High myosin-atpase ativity with HIGH glycolytic capacity
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| FATIGUE RESISTANCE | FATIGUE RESISTANCE
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| slow oxidative: | Very resistant to fatigue
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| Fast oxidative: | Middle
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| Fast glycolytic: | Quickly fatigued
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| What composes muscles? | Fibers organized into motor units
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| How many fibers exist in a motor unit? | All fibers in a motor unit are of the same fiber type
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Created by:
talkglitter2486