Cardiovascular system functions
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Major structures of the Cardiovascular System | Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels
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Pericardium | Double walled sac that surrounds the heart.
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Epicardium | Outermost layer of the heart wall.
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Myocardium | Middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, contains heart muscle.
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Endocardium | Innermost layer of the heart wall
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Pericardial fluid between heart layers.. | Prevents friction during heart beat.
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Coronary arteries and veins | Provide oxygen rich blood to the myocardium.
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Atria | The two upper chambers of the heart, where blood enters the heart.
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Ventricles | The two lower chambers of the heart, all blood vessels leaving the heart begin here.
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Interatrial Septum | Seperates the two atria from eachother.
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Interventrical Septum | Sperates the two ventricles from eachother.
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Apex | Lower tip of the heart
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Heart Valves | Control flow of blood from one chamber to another.
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Tricuspid Valve | Opening between Right Atria and Right Ventricle
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Pulmonary Semilunar Valves | Opening between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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Mitral Valve (Bicuspid) | Opening between Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
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Aortic Semilunar Valve | Located between Left Ventricle and Aorta.
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Artery | Carries deoxygenated blood
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Vein | Carries oxygenated blood
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pic | pic
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The heart follows a sequence to.. | pump blood throughout the body, the contraction and relaxation of the heart has to follow a sequence
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Heart beat | Electrical activity of the heart
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Sinoatrial (SA) Node | *Located in the right atrium *Electrical impulses start a wave of muscle contraction in the heart. *Wave spreads over muscles in bothe atria causing them to contract simutaneously *Contraction forces blood into the ventricles
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Atrioventrucular (AV) Node | Located on the floor of right atrium near the interatrial septum. Transmits electrical impulses to the Bundle of His
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Bundle of His | Located within the interventricular septum Right and left branches of the Bundle of His carry the electrical impulse to the ventricles and the purkinje fibers.
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Purkinje Fibers | Cause the ventricles to contract at the same time forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries
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Electrical Waves | activities of the elctrical conduction system can be seen on a cardiac monitor of electrocardiogram
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P Wave | Contraction (electrical simulation) of both atria
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QRS Complex | Contraction of bothe ventricles; atria relax when ventricles contract
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T wave | Relaxation (recovery) of the ventricles
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Lubb sound | caused by tricuspid and mitral valves closing between atria and ventricles
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Dupp sound | Caused by closing of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
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