biochem block 1
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| Identify the three major macronutrients from dietary fuel. | Carbohydrates, protein, and lipids.
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| One gram of Carbohydrate releases how much energy when oxidized? | 4 Kcal
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| One gram of Protein releases how much energy when oxidized? | 4 Kcal
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| One gram of Lipid releases how much energy when oxidized? | 9 Kcal
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| One gram of ethanol releases how much energy when oxidized? | 7 Kcal
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| The product(s) of oxidation of macronutrients is/are? | CO2 + H2O + ATP
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| The monomer of a carbohydrate is? | glucose
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| The polymer of a carbohydrate is? | A polysaccharide (starch, glycogen, etc)
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| The bond type (linking monomers to polymers) for a carbohydrate is? | glycosidic
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| The polymer of a fat is | triacylglycerol
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| The monomer of a fat is/are: | Fatty acids + glycerol
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| The bond type (linking monomers to polymers) for a Fat is: | ester
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| The polymer of a Protein is: | polypeptide
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| The monomer of a protein is: | amino acids
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| The bond type (linking monomers to polymers) for a protein is: | peptide
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| The polymer of an Ethanol is: | There is no polymer for Ethanol.
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| The monomer of an Ethanol is? | Ethanol
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| The bond type (linking monomers to polymers) of an ethanol is: | There can be no bond type for Ethanol because there is no polymer.
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| What is the 2-carbon intermediate that glucose, fatty acids, and amino acides must be converted to before entering the TCA cycle? | acetyl CoA
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| What does 'TCA' stand for when referencing the TCA cycle? | tricarboxylic acid pathway
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| Within the TCA cycle, what happens to acetyl CoA? | Acetyl CoA undergoes complete oxidation to CO2. The electrons extracted from the acetate are transferred to the ETC (electron transport chain).
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| What happens in the electron transport chain when electrons pass through? | The electrons provide chemical energy for the synthesis of ATP from ADP + P. As the electons leave the ETC, they are transferred to molecular oxygen to form water.
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| What term is used to describe O2-dependent, ATP synthesis within the mitochondria? | Oxidative phosphorylation.
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| How many anhydride bonds does ATP have? | Two
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| Digestive enzymes hydrolyze ___________ bonds to yield monosaccharides. | glycosidic
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| Structurally, carbohydrates are defined as _________ compounds. | poly-hydroxyl
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| Identify the enzyme found in salivary and pancreatic enzymes that will hydrolyze glycosidic onds to individual glucose units. | amylase
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| The major monosaccharide of the human body is: | glucose
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| Proteins are composed of ______________ linked together via peptide bonds. | amino acids
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| In addition to their C-, H-, and O-atoms, amino acids contain: | N (nitrogen)
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| The term amino acid refers to the fact that these compounds contain (chemically): | an amino-group (-NH3+), carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and a R-group attached to a central alpha-carbon atom.
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