DNA structure
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| What are chromosome made of? | protein and DNA
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| Bacteriophages | Viruses that infect bacteria
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| Explain the Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase experiment | (wanted to know which contained genetic material: protein or DNA) So they injected protein (in one case) and D
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| What's the Hershey and Chase experiment conclusion? | DNA, not protein, that's the genetic material. DNA is injected into cell by phage not protein
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| What enters the cell and directs the synthesis of new phases? | DNA
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| Who won the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA in 1953? | Watson, Crick, Wilkins (Franklin was dead so she couldn't win)
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| What is DNA made of? | DNA is a nucleic acid made of nucleotides
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| What does a DNA nucleotide contain? | phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous base
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| How many carbons does deoxyribose have? | 5
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| Contrast DNA and RNA | DNA: have Thymine, have deoxyribose, double stranded, cannot be a enzyme; RNA have uracil, have ribose sugar, can function as an enzyme, single stranded
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| Similarities of DNA and RNA | both nucleic acid, made of nuecleotide, both have genetic information
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| The two DNA are anti parellel? | Yes
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| Where is the OH hooked on? The 5' or 3'? | 3', so the new nucleotide can hook on
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| fill in the blank: The new nucleic acid strands are made in the ( ) to ( ) direction | 5' to 3'
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| What bonds hold the DNA bases together | hydrogen bond (so it breaks easily)
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| Which is the template strand? 5' or 3'? | 5'
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| Which is the new DNA strand? 5' or 3'? | 3'
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| DNA polymerase | read each single strand and adds the complementary one
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| Ligase | join the ends of the newly synthesized DNA
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| Explain the DNA replication process | Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix; DNA polymerase assembles a complementary new strand on each old one, building the two strands in opposite directions; DNA ligase attaches one new strand to the previously replicated segment on the lagging strand.
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| Central dogma | DNA --> RNA --> Protein
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| what three kinds of RNA are use to make proteins? | Messenger RNA (mRNA); Transfer RNA (tRNA); Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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| Transcription | From DNA to mRNA
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| Translation | From mRNA to Protein
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