inheritance and variation
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| What law says that individuals are diploid? | Law of segregation
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| what law says that two alleles of a gene separate when forming gametes? | law of segregation
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| what say says gametes combine randomly in forming offspring? | law of segregation
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| what law says alleles of genes located on different chromosomes (unlinked) are inherited independently? | law of independent assortment
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| "medelian" | traits cause by a single gene in a dominant/recessive relationship
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| are you considered a carrier if you carry two mutants alleles? (aka two bad alleles?) | No, you are considered affected
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| pedigrees | famly trees that identify individuals with the disease/trait
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| the factors that can disguise Mendelian segregation of alleles | incomplete dominance; codominance; environmental effects; pleiotropic effects; epistasis; continuous variation; chromosomal linkage; sex linkage
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| incomplete dominance | when an offspring's phenotype is in between the phenotypes of its parents (like pink snapdragons)
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| codominance | produce a heterozygote phenotype that is a combination of the two homozygotes
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| multiple alleles | many alleles for a particular gene
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| I^A (for blood type A) | adds galactosamine
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| I^B (for blood type B) | adds galactose
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| i (for O blood type) | adds neither sugar
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| pleiotropic | One gene, many phenotypes. Alleles that have more than one phenotypic effect
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| epistasis | interaction between two genes where one of them modifies the phenotypic expression of the other
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| polygenic inheritance | one characteristic, many genes. These genes contribute to the phenotype. The result is continuous variation (like different shades of skin color)
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| multifactorial | polygenic + environmental
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| name some multifactorial traits | skin, cancer, diabetes, heart disease
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| name some polygenic inheritance | skin color, eye color
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