Respiratory System
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| The oral cavity refers to the? |
mouth
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| Two structures located at the posterior portion of the oral cavity are the? | Palatine tonsils
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| The tonsils are? |
lymph tissue
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| Lymph tissue is part of your? |
immune system
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| The nasal cavities refer to the? |
nose
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| The two meati of the nasal cavities are called? |
nostrils or external nares.
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| The hairs found lining the nasal cavities act as? |
screening devices.
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| The nasal cavities are separated by the? |
nasal septum
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| The nasal cavities house the sense of smell referred to as the? |
olfactory sense
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| The nasal cavities are lined with? |
mucous membranes.
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| Mucous membranes produce? |
mucus
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| The pharynx is AKA? |
throat
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| The oropharynx refers to the ? |
oral cavity (mouth) and pharynx (throat)
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| Nasopharyngeal means? |
pertaining to the nasal cavity (nose) and pharynx (throat)
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| The adenoids are located in the? |
nasopharynx
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| The adenoids are? |
lymph tissue
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| Lymph tissue is part of your? |
immune system
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| The nasopharynx also houses two ducts that lead to the middle ears called ? |
Eustachian tubes.
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| The function of the Eustachian tubes is to? |
equalize pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment in order to prevent prevent tympanorrhexis.
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| The larynx is AKA? |
"vocal cords" or "voice box."
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| The larynx connects the? |
pharynx with the trachea
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| Larngopharynx(hypopharynx) refers to the? |
larynx and pharynx
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| The larynx is supported by pieces of? |
cartilage
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| These pieces of cartilage are called? | 1. the thyroid cartilage.
2. the epiglottis
3. the cricoid cartilage
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| The largest piece of cartilage is the? |
thyroid cartilage AKA "Adam's apple."
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| The epiglottis is the? |
"lid over the larynx"
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| The epiglottis is designed to? |
open when we breathe and close when we swallow.
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| The glottis is the? |
space between the larynx (vocal cords)
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| The trachea is AKA the? |
"windpipe"
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| The bronchi are the? |
two main airway branches that bifurcate of the trachea.
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| These two main branches are called the? |
right primary bronchus and the left primary bronchus.
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| On entering the lungs the primary bronchi divide to form smaller bronchi called the? |
secondary (lobar) bronchi.
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| The secondary or lobar bronchi continue to branch forming even smaller bronchi called? |
tertiary (segmental) bronchi.
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| Tertiary or segmental bronchi divide into smaller branches called? |
bronchioles.
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| Bronchioles finally branch into even smaller tubes called? |
terminal bronchioles.
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| The terminal bronchioles subdivide into microscopic branches called? |
respiratory bronchioles.
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| These respiratory bronchioles subdivide into? |
alveolar ducts.
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| The alveolar ducts house alveoli in the? |
alveolar sacs
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| The alveolar sacs house the? |
alveoli.
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| The continuous branching of the trachea is referred to as the? |
"bronchial tree."
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| It is estimated that the average number of alveoli in a human is? |
30 million.
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| every alveolus is surrounded by? |
capillaries
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| The alveoli is the where? |
respiration occurs
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| The gases that are exchanged are? |
oxygen(O2) carbon dioxide (CO2)
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| Respiration is the? |
exchange of gases
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| Respiration involves two processes and the first process is? | 1.External respiration which is the - exchange of gases that occurs between the lungs and blood.
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| Respiration involves two processes and the second process is? | 2.Internal respiration which is- the exchange of gases that occurs between the blood and body cells.
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| Every cell of the body is surrounded by? |
capillaries
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| The actual exchange of the respiratory gases between the lungs, blood, and cells occurs by? |
diffusion
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| Diffusion means? |
the process in which the particles in fluid or gas move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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| The cavity where the respiratory organs are found is the? |
thoracic cavity
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| The lungs are divided into sections called? |
lobes
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| The right lung has? |
3 lobes (right upper lobe, right medial lobe, right lower lobe.
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| The left lung has? |
2 lobes (left upper lobe, left lower lobe).
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| The primary bronchi are lined with small hair-like structures called? |
cilia.
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| The purpose of the cilia is to? |
catch foreign particles that are inhaled during inspiration.
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| As the cilia becomes saturated from the inhaled particles the mucous membranes that line the respiratory tract will produce? |
mucus
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| The purpose of the mucus is to? |
trap the foreign particles.
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| When enough mucus is produced the nervous system will trigger the? |
cough reflex
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| when the cough flex is trigger then persons first choice is to? |
1. cough the mucus up and spit it out.
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| when the cough flex is trigger then persons has second choice? |
2. cough the mucus up and swallow it.
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| A productive cough refers to a? |
cough where sputum is produced.
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| A non-productive cough refers to a? |
dry cough (no sputum) such as croup (bark-like cough).
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| Antitussive refers to a? |
cough suppressant.
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| The act of coughing up mucus is called? |
expectoration (expectorate).
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| The mucus expectorated is called? |
sputum or phlegm.
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| Normal sputum (phlegm) appears? |
clear or white.
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| Mucopurulent refers to? |
mucus and pus
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| Hemoptysis means? |
expectorating blood
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| Yellow,green, or pungent sputum (phlegm) can indicate? |
infection.
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| C + S stands for? |
culture and sensitivity
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| A C + S is performed to grow antigens and determine the best antibiotic to? |
treat the infection
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| Two membranous layers surround each lung called? |
pleurae
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| The purpose of the pleurae is to? |
protect the lungs from the ribs.
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| The outermost pleural layer is called the? |
parietal pleura
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| The innermost pleural is called the? |
visceral pleura
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| Between the parietal and visceral is a space called the? |
pleural cavity (space)
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| The pleural cavity(space) contains? | pleural fluid (lubricating fluid) to prevent friction between the parietal and visceral pleurae during ventilation.
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| Ventilation refers to? |
breathing
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| PFT stands for? |
pulmonary function test
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| Incentive spirometry (IS) is a? |
test to measure the ability to self-ventilation.
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| Tidal volume (TV)is? | the amount of air volume that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting inspiration.
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| Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)? |
the volume of air that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting inspiration.
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| Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? |
the volume of air that can be exhaled beyond a normal resting expiration.
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| The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called? |
ventilation (breathing)
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| The two phases of ventilation are? |
inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration)
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| The muscles primarily responsible for ventilation are the? | 1. Diaphragm
2. Internal and external intercostals
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| Intercostal means? |
space between the ribs.
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| Ventilation is controlled by is controlled by the respiratory center located in the? |
medullar oblongata.
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| A ventilator refers to? |
a device that pushes air in and out of the lungs.
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| Intubation (intubate)? |
the process of inserting a tube.
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| Intubation usually refers to an? |
endotracheal tube (ET)
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| The instrument used to insert an endotracheal (ET) is called an? |
laryngoscope
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| Ambu bag refers to? |
bag that is used to ventilate an apnic patient
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| Apnic means? |
no breathing
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| ABGs means? |
arterial blood gases
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| Oxygen saturation(SaO2)? |
the amount of oxygen (O2) that has combined with (saturated) hemoglobin.
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| Percentage of carbon dioxide (PCO2) means? |
the amount or percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) that has combined with hemoglobin.
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| A nebulizer is a? |
device that delivers vaporized medicine (vaporizer)
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| CXR stands for? |
chest x-ray.
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| NPPV stands for? |
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (a respiratory Tx)
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| Oximetry refers to? |
the process of measuring oxygen.
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| Rales refer to? |
crackling sounds heard during auscultation.
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| Auscultation means? |
listening with a stethoscope
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| Rhonci refers to? |
wheezing
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| Stridor refers to? |
a high pitched sound indicative of airway obstruction
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| RT (IT) stands for? | respiratory therapy (inhalation therapy)
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| C-PAP stands for? |
continuous positive airway pressure
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| C-PAP is a treatment for? |
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
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Created by:
Penny S
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