bio- embryology from coursesaver notes
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| Cleavage | results in progressively smaller cells (inc ratio of nuclear-to-cytoplasm & surface-to-volume ratio of each cell which improves gas exchange)
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| As cell division continues solid ball of cells called ____forms | morula
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| Blastulation | occurs when morula develops cavity called blastocoel
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| Blastula | becomes this by the 4th day - hollow sphere of cells
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| 6th day | blastocyst (AKA blastula) begins implantation into the uteral endometrium
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| little increase in size occurs during | gastrulation
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| Gastrulation | single cell layer of blastula transforms into three-layered gastrula
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| Ectoderm | Nervous system, integument (epidermis & hair / epithelium of nose, mouth, anal canal), lens of eye, retina, teeth, neural tube
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| Mesoderm | musculoskeletal, circulatory system, excretory system, gonads, connective tissue, portions of digestive & respiratory, notochord
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| Endoderm | epithelial lining of digestive & respiratory, parts of liver, pancreas, thyroid, and bladder lining
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| induction | process in an embryo in which one tissue causes another to differentiate
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| Eggs - Embryonic Membrane Chorion | (moist membrane =>** gas exchange)
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| Allantois | (sac-like involved in respiration and excretion/ blood vessels for transport)
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| Amnion | (amniotic fluid) - cushions and supports
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| chorionic gonadotropin hormone | secreted by the chorion (when it becomes part of the placenta) and helps maintain the Corpus Luteum (which secretes progesterone to maintain uterine lining)
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| Placental Internal Development | growing fetus receives oxygen directly from mother through specialized circulatory system (supplies O2 + nutrients / removes CO2 and wastes)
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| Placenta and umbilical cord | outgrowths of the four extra-embryonic membranes – amnion, chorion, allantois, yolk sac
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| Labor | cervix thins out and dilates, amniotic sac ruptures, rapid contractions followed by birth, then uterus expels umbilical cord and placenta
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