Anatomy & Physiology I - Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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| What is a keratinzed stratified squamous epithelium; outermost layer protective shield of skin? | Epidermis
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| Name the four cells of the Epidermis? | Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhan cells (AKA epidermal dendritic cells), and Merkel cells
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| What produces a fibrous protective protein called keratin? | Keratinocytes
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| What epithelial cells synthesize the pigment melanin? | Melanocytes
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| What has macrophages that help activate the immune system? | Langerhans cells
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| What cells is associated with sensory nerve endings? | Merkel cells
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| Name the FIVE layers of the epidermis in order? | 1) Corneum 2) Luciderm 3) Granulosum 4) Spinosum 5) Basale (Cookie-Lovers-Gets-Sugar-Brown)
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| Stratum means... | layer
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| What is the deepest epidermal layer and is the site of mitosis; germinating layer? | Basale layer
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| What has several cell layers thick and contains keratinocytes, melanin granules, and the highest concentration of Langerhans' cells? | Spinosum (prickly layer)
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| What contains keratinocytes that are undergoing a great deal of physical changes, turning them into tough outer cells of the epidermis? | Granulosum
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| What is found only in the thick skin and is complsed of the dead keratinocytes? | Lucidum
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| What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? | Corneum
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| What is the second major skin region, is strong, flexible connective tissue? | Dermis
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| Name the two dermis layers? | Papillary and Reticular
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| The thin, highly areolar layer connective tissue containing a woven mat of collagen and elastin fibers is called... | Papillary
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| What is a dense irregular connective tissue layer called? | Reticular
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| Name the three pigment skin color. | Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin
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| What is a polymer made of tyrosine amino acids, yellow to reddish-brown to black in color? | Melanin
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| What is the layer of skin beneath of the dermis and is composed of adipose? | Hypodermis
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| Sweat glands is also called... | sudoriferous glands
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| Name the two types of sweat glands: | eccrine and apocrine
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| What glands produce true sweat, are most numerous, and are mostly on the palms of hands, soles of feet, and forehead; also called merocrine sweat glands? | Eccrine
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| What is confined to the axillary and anogenital areas and produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins? | Apocrine sweat glands
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| Modified sweat glands found lining the ear canal that secrete ear wax, or cerumen is called... | Ceruminous glands
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| Modified sweat glands found in the breasts that secrete milk is called... | Mammary glands
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| What is a simple alveolar glands found all over the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet that secrete sebum, an oily secretion; function as holocrine glands secreting their product into a hair follicle or to the pore of the skin? | Sebaceous oil glands
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| Name the THREE hair center layers cells: | Medulla (core), cortex (surrounds the medulla), cuticle (single layer)
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| Hairs can be classified as... | vellus or terminal
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| The body hair of children and adult females is of the pale, fine hair called... | vellus
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| The coarser, londer hair of the eyebrows and scalp is called... | terminal
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| Hair growth and density are influenced mostly importantly by... | nutrition and hormones
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| On an average, how many scalp hairs do we loose daily? | 90
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| Hair thinning and some degree of baldness is called... | alopecia
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| What is the most common type, male pattern baldness determined by? | gene and sex-influenced condition
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| A scale-like modification of the epidermis; made up of hard keratin and have a fee edge, a body, and a proximal root is called... | Nails
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| The deeper layers beneath the nail is called.. | nail bed
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| The thickened part of the nail bed is called... | nail matrix
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| What is another name of cuticle? | Eponychium
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| The part beneath the free edge where dirt and debris are collected is called... | hyponychium
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| Name the THREE types of skin barriers: | chemical, physical, and biological
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| Name the skin functions: | Protection, Body temp., Cutaneous sensation, Metabolic, Blood reservoir, and Excretion
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| What barriers include skin secretions and melanin? | Chemical
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| What barriers provides the continuity of skin and the hardness of its keratinized cells? | Physical or Mechanical
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| What is the waterproofing epidermis that block the diffusion of water? | glycolipids
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| Name the FIVE substances that DO penetrate the skin in limited amounts: | 1) lipid-soluble 2) oleoresins 3) organic solvents 4) salts of heavy meterals 5) drugs agent called penetration enhancers
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| What is the barrier that include Langerhans' cells of the epidermis, macrophages of the dermis, and DNA? | biological
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| What does body temperature regulation do? | sweat glands, constriction of the dermal blood vessels
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| What has a sensory receptors and is part of the nervous system? | Cutaneous sensation
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| Name the function that makes vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. | Metabolic
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| How many percent can the blood reservoir hold in the body blood supply? | up to 5%
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| Nitrogen-containing wastes are eliminated from the body in sweat is... | Excretion
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| What is an important avenue for water and salt (sodium chloride) loss? | profuse sweating
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| The most common skin disorders are... | bacterial, viral, or yeast infections
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| What layer handles germinating? | basale
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| Name the two stratums that can be found in the palm and soles: | Lucidum and corneum
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| What are holocrine glands? | sebaceous oil glands
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| What are the ABCD (E) rule? | A=asymmetry, B=border irregularly, C=color, D=diameter, E=elevation
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| What is the least malignant and the most common skin cancer? | basal cell carcinoma
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| Grow rapidly and metastasize if not removed. | squamous cell carcinoma
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| Most dangerous skin cancer and highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. | melanoma
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