terminology, pathology and definitions for the ears
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| functions of the ear | are to receive sound impulses and transmit them to the brain. the inner ear also helps to maintain balance
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| auditory | pertaining to the sense of hearing
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| audit | hearing or sense of hearing
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| acoustic | pertaining to sound or hearing
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| acous | hearing or sound
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| regions of the ear | outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear
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| pinna | also known as the auricle, is the external portion of the ear. transmits sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal
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| external auditory canal | transmits sound waves from the pinna to the middle ear
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| cerumen (ear wax) | secreated by ceruminous glands that line the auditory canal .traps smallinsects, dust, debris, and certain bacteria to prevent them from entering the middle ear.
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| typanic membrane (ear drum) | located between the outer and middle ear, the eardrum seals the inner end of the ear canal
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| myring/o tympan/o | both mean tympanic membrane, when sound waves reach the ear drum this membrane transmits the sound by vibrating
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| mastoid bone cells | surounds the middle ear , they are hollow air spaces located in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.and infection in the middle ear can quickly spread to these cells
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| auditory ossicles | three bones found in the middle ear, transmit the sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear by vibration...malleus, incus (anvil), and the stapes (stirrup)
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| eustachian tubes | also known as the auditory tubes, are narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and the throat, there purpose ids to equalize the air pressure in the middle ear woth that of the outside atmosphere
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| inner ear (labyrinth) | contain the sensory receptors for hearing and balance
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| oval window | located under the base of the stapes, is the membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear. vibrations enter the inner ear through this passage
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| cochlea | the spiral passage that leads from the oval window
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| cochlear duct | located with in the cochlea, is filled with fluid that vibrates when the sound waves strike it.
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| organ of corti | also located w/in the cochlea, is the receptor site that teceives these vibrations and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers, which transmit them to the auditory center of the brains cerebral cortex, where they are heard and interpreted
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| semicircular canals | located w/in the inner ear,. contain endolymph (a liquid) and sensitive hair like cells. the bending of these hair-like cells in response to the movements orf the head ses up impulses in nerve fibers to help maintain equilibrium(the state of balance)
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| air conduction | the process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna.
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| bone conduction | occurs as the eardrum vibrate and moves the auditory ossicles, these bones then conduct the sound waves through the middle ear to the inner ear
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| sensorineural conduction | occurs when sound vibrations reach the inner ear via the oval window, structures of the inner ear receive the sound waves and relay them to auditory nerve for transmissin to the brain
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| audiologist | specializes in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments
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| audi | hearing
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| impacted cerumen | an accumulation of cerumen, or earwax, that forms a solid mass adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal
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| otalgia | also known as an earache, is pain in the ear
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| otitis | any inflammation of the ear
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| otomycosis | also known as swimmers ear, is a fungul infection of the external auditory canal
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| otopyorrhea | the flow of pus from the ear
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| otorrhagia | bleeding from the ear
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| barotrauma | pressure-related ear discomfortoften caused by changes in pressure
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| bar/o | pressureeustach
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| eustach | eustachian tube
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| eustachitis | an inflammation of the eustachain tube
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| mastoiditis | an inflammation of any part of the mastoid process
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| myringitis | inflamation of the typanic membrane
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| myring | eardrum
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| patulous eustachian tube | distention of the eustachian tube
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| otitis media | inflamation of the middle ear
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| vertigo | a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, often combined with nausea and vomiting
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| meniere's syndrome | a rarechronic disease in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo, a fluctuating hearing loss (usually in one ear) and tinnitus
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| tinnitus | a ringing, buzzing or roaring sound in one or both ears.
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| presby | old age
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| cusis | hearing
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| presbycusis | a gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages
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| conductive hearing loss | occurs when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid-filled inner ear
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| sensorineural hearing loss | dvelops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged
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| noise-induced hearing loss | a type of nerve deafness due tro damage caused by repeated exposure to very intense noise such as aircraft engines, noisy equipment, or loud music
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| adiomentry | the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity
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| audiometer | an electric devise that produces acoustic stimuli of a set frequency and intensity
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| speech audiomerty | measures the threshold of speech reception(hearing speech sounds) and speech discrimination (understanding speech sounds)
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| tympanometry | the measurement of acoustical energy absorbed or reflected by the middle ear through the use of a probe placed in the ear canal
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| monaural testing | involves one ear
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| binaural testing | involves both ears
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| tympanostomy tubes | (pediactric ear tubes) tiny ventilating tubes placed through the eardrum to provide on going drainage for floids and to relieve kpressure that can build up after childhood ear infections
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| fenestra | window
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| fenestration | a surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labrinth to restore hearing
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| labyrinth | labyrinth
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| cochlear implant | an electronic device implanted behind the ear that recevers sound signals and transmits these signals to electrodes implanted in the cochlea
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Created by:
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