People and Events in Medical History
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| Hippocrate | father of medicine; believed that illness was not caused by evil spirits
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| Anthon van Leeuwenhook | invented the microscope
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| Ben Franklin | invented bifocals & found out colds can be spread from one person to another
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| Edward Jenner | smallpox vaccine in 1796
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| Rene’ Laennec | invented the stethoscope
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| Elizabeth Blackwell | first female physician in United States
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| Louis Pasteur | proved disease caused by microorganisms; pasteurization/rabies vaccine in 1885
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| Joseph Lister | used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs & first physician to use antiseptic during surgery
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| Clara Barton | Civil War nurse, developed American Red Cross in 1881
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| Robert Koch | developed the culture plate method to study germs and discovered the bacteria that caused TB
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| Wilhelm Roentgen | discovered x-rays in 1895
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| Sigmund Freud | studied effects of unconscious mind on the body; studies basis of psychiatry
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| Sir Alexander Fleming | discovered penicillin in 1928
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| Jonas Salk & Albert Sabin | polio vaccine
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| Francis Crick & James Watson | described the structure of DNA and how it carries genetic info; won the Noble Prize in 1962
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| Christian Barnard | performed 1st successful heart transplant in 1968
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| William Harvey | described the circulation of blood to from the heart in 1628
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| Ignaz Semmelweis | encouraged physicians to wash hands before and after autopsies and delivering babies in 1840's; basis of aseptic technique (handwashing)
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| Rhazes | Arab physician who began the use of animal gut for suture material
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| Frederick Banting and Charles Best | discovered and used insulin to treat diabetes in 1922
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| Ben Carson | 20th century neurosurgeon famous for separating conjoined twins (Siamese twins)& refined surgery to control seizures
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| Florence Nightingale | "Founder of Modern Nursing"; began the professional education of nursing in 1860
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| Egyptians | Medical contributions of Ancient times: known for creating first health records and structured procedures
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| Ancient Times | Primary medical belief that sickness caused by supernatural beings
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| Babylonians | Medical contributions of Ancient times:first to develop fees for physicians
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| Hindus | Medical contributions of Ancient times:known for having hospitals and many types of surgery
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| Chinese | Medical contributions of Ancient times: 1000 medicinal herbs and acupuncture
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| Ancient Greeks | believed that illness is the result of natural causes
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| Ancient Romans | known for beginning public health by installing great drainage & sanitation systems; first hospitals
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| Renaissance | Reason replaced religion & superstition in medicine; known as the rebirth of the science of medicine; invention of printing press helped spread medical knowledge
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| Industrial Revolution | Link between structure and function in the body is made
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| Modern Era | New technology produced rapid growth in health care
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| 20th Century | First health insurance plans developed
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| 16th, 17th Centuries | First pharmacies (apothecaries) made prescribed and sold medications
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| 1970s | What decade was the first "test tube" baby born in England?
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| 1960s | What decade was birth control pills approved by the FDA?
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| 1980s | In what decade was Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) identified as a disease?
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| Andreas Vesalius | published first anatomy book
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| 2003 | What year was the Human Genome Project was completed
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