Principles of Infection Control and Bedside Assessment of the PT
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| Infections that are acquired in the hospital? | Nosocomial
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| Inanimate objects that help transfer pathogens? | Fomite
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| Death of all microorganisms? | Sterilization
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| Universal method of protection for health workers? | Standard Precautions
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| Patients acquire during course of medical treatment? | HAI
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| How many people get sick due to health-care associated infections? | 2 million
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| What percantage of PTs get suck due to health-care associated infections? | 5%
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| Name three elements that are required for these infections to take place? | Resevoir, Host, Route
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| Name five vaccinations that might help decrease risk from host susceptibility? | Rubella, Measles, Varicella, Hepatitus B, Pertussis
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| Name an example of contact transmission? | Instruments, Unwashed hands
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| Name an example of droplet transmission? | Coughing, Sneezing, Talking
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| Interrupting the route of transmission involves special equipment processing. What is the first step? | Cleaning/Washing
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| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning disposables? | Incineration
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| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning glassware and metal instruments? | Dry Heat
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| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning metals and some plastics? | Boiling
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| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning metal instruments and linens? | Autoclave
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| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning food and supplies? | Ionizing Radiation
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| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning heat sensitive items? | Ethylene Oxide
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| Which PPE would you use to touch bodily fluids or mucous membranes? | Gloves
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| Which PPE would you use during procedures? | Gown
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| Which PPE would you use for suctioning procedures? | Goggle/Mask
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| What is the best choice for high-level disinfection of semicritical respiratory care equipment? | Gluteraldehyde
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| Among respiratory care equipment, what has the greatest potential to spread infection? | Large Volume Nebulizers
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| Always use _ fluids for tracheal suctioning and to fill nebulizers and humidifiers? | Sterile
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| Ventilator circuits may be used up to how many days before they need changed? | 7
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| Rigorous handwashing, use of gloves, isolate infected patients help disrupt what? | Route of transmission
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| By what route does tuberculosis spread? | Airborne
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| What type of water should be placed in the nebulizer? | Sterile distilled
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| The best way to prevent the spread of infection in the ICU is to? | Wash hands after every PT contact.
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| HAI's cause how many deaths annually? | 90,000
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| What percentage of patient's undergoing mechanical ventilation develop pneumonia? | 25%
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| What or who are the primary source for infectious agents in the health care setting? | Humans
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| Host factors such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, extremes of age, and underlying acquired HIV infection or aitrogenic through chemo, or immunodeficiency enhance what to infection? | Susceptibility
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| Most nosocomial pneumonias occur in surgical PTs, especially those who have had chest or _ procedures? | Abdominal
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| Pts at high risk for pneumonia include elderly, _, COPD, history of smoking, and artificial airway for long periods of time? | Obese
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| Droplet nuclei such as TB, Varicella, Measles, and Smallpox travel in what mode? | Airborne
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| _ contact transmission is the most frequent mode of transmission in the health care environment? (Fomites) | Indirect
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| Decreasing host susceptibility to infection is the most difficult and least feasible approach to infection control. Hospital efforts to decrease host susceptibility focus mainly on employee immunization and what? | Chemoprophylaxis
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| Describes a process that destroys the vegetative form of all pathogenic organisms on an inanimate object except bacterial spores? | Disinfection
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| Most common physical method of disinfection is ? | Pasteurization
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| Alcohol activity drops when diluted below what percentage concentration? | 50%
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| _ are inactivated by protein and can damage rubber, plastics, and the shellac mounting of instruments and lenses? | Alcohol
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| The CDC recommends a 1:10 dilution of what to disinfect blood spills? | Bleach
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| Destroys all microorganisms on the surface of an article or in a fluid, which prevents transmission of pathogens associated with the use of that item? | Sterilization
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| _ methods of sterilization include low temperature sterilization technologies like ethylene oxide (EtO) gas? | Chemical
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| Moist heat in the form of steam under pressure is the most common, most efficient, and easiest sterilization method? | Autoclave
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| The combination most commonly used for autoclaving is _ psi at 121 degrees C. | 15
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| The _ ventilator circuitry poses the most significant contamination risk, particularly in systems using heated humidifiers? | External
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| Ventilator circuits should not be changed unless _? | Visibly soil
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| Three major issues are involved in using disposable devices: cost, _, and reuse? | Quality
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| Standard precautions include handwashing, use of PPE, equipment handling, and ? | Patient placement
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| Ongoing process of monitoring PTs and health care personnel for acquisition of infection and/ or colonization of pathogens. | Surveillance
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| Surveillance is one of the five key recommended components of an infection control program; the others are investigation, prevention, _ and reporting? | Control
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| HMEs may be used up to how many hours before they need changed? | 96
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| Bluish discoloration of the skin? | Cyanosis
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| Mucus from the tracheobronchial tree? | Phlegm
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| Discontinuous abnormal breath sounds? | Crackles
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| _ emphysema is air under the skin? | Subcutaneous
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| Look for distended veins here? | Neck
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| Mucus that comes out the mouth? | Sputum
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| Extra, or abdominal sounds? | Adventitious
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| _ pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic BP? | Pulse
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| Level of consciousness (abbr)? | Loc
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| Designed to expel mucus? | Cough
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| _ alternans occurs when you go back and fourth between the diaphragm and the accessory muscles? | Respiratory
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| You have this if your breathing is labored when you lie down? | Orthopnea
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| Auscultation reveals breath _? | Sound
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| Body temp below 32 degrees C? | Hypothermia
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| Stay at least 2-4 ft away to give the patient a personal _ during the interview? | Space
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| Sweaty stuff? | Diaphoresis
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| _ pressure, when the heart contracts? | Systolic
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| Abdominal _, occurs when the diaphragm is tired and the belly sinks with each breath? | Paradox
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| Abdominal voice sounds heard over consolidation? | Bronchophony
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| Slow RR? | Bradypnea
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| _ of monkeys (also a chest shape associated with air trapping) | Barrel
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| Treasure, pigeon, or barrel? | Chest
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| High pitched continuous upper airway sound? | Stridor
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| Patients perception of difficult breathing? | Dyspenia
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| Foul smelling? | Fetid
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| Another name for fainting? | Syncope
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| HR below 60? | Bradycardia
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| Got pus? | Purulent
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| Pattern of end-stage muscle fatigue? | Alternans
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| How else can you identify the degree of dyspnea a PT feels? | Exertion
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| What are possible causes of Dry cough? | CHF, Fibrosis
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| What are possible causes of Loose, productive cough? | Inflammation, Obstruction, Asthma, Bronchitis
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| What are possible causes of Acute, self limiting cough? | Viral infection of the upper airway
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| What are possible causes of chronic cough? | Asthma, post nasal drip, reflux, chronic bronchitis
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| Three characteristics of _ that should be documented: color, viscosity, and quantity? | Sputum
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| Nonmassive hemoptysis may result from infection, lung cancer, _ , and pulmonary embolism? | Trauma
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| Massive hemoptysis may result from bronchiectasis, lung abscess, old or acute _? | TB
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| What is the most famous kind of nonpleuritic chest pain? | Angina
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| Along with fever, what are two signs that are highly suggestive of respiratory infection? | Cough and Sputum
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