Medical Terminology Female Reproductive System WGU
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| an- | without
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| dys- | bad, difficult, painful
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| poly- | many, much
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| pre- | Before, in front of
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| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid
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| -graphy | recording
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| -lysis | breakdown
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| -pexy | surgical fixation, suspension
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| -ptosis | drooping, sagging, prolapse
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| -rrhagia | bursting forth
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| -rrhea | flow, discharge
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| -scopy | visual examination
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| amni/o | amnion (amniotic sac)
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| cervic/o | cervix, neck
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| colp/o | hollow, vagina
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| culd/o | blind pouch
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| episi/o | vulva, vulva (...tomy)
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| hyster/o | uterus, womb
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| mamm/o | breast
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| mast/o | breast
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| men/o | menstruation
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| metro/o | uterus
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| metri/o | uterus
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| olig/o | scanty
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| oophor/o | ovary
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| salping/o | fallopian tube
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| vulv/o | vulva
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| amnion | Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
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| areola | Circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple
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| bartholin glands | two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse
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| breast | either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman
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| cervix | the opening to the uterus
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| chorion | outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)
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| clitoris | organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
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| corpus luteum | endocrine tissue which produces hormones, estrogen, and progesterone which prepares the uterine lining for receiving an embryo
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| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus
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| estrogen | hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
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| fallopian tubes | tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs
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| fetus | the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
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| fimbriae | finger or fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
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| gestation | the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
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| hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin
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| hymen | a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin
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| labia majora | two large folds of fatty tissue that are covered with hair on their outer surfaces; they enclose and protect the vagina
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| labia minora | Smaller pair of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening
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| mammary papilla | breast nipple
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| menarch | The first menstrual period
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| menopause | the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends
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| menstruation | the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause
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| mons pubis | a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women
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| myometrium | the smooth muscle forming the wall of the uterus
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| ovary | the organ that bears the ovules of a flower, (vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone
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| ovulation | the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle)
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| ovum | Female gamete
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| parturition | Childbirth
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| perimetrium | outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus
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| perineum | in females, the area between the anus and the vagina
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| placenta | the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus
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| progesterone | A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle.
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| Douglas' Cul de Sac | rectouterine pouch, pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (also called the Douglas cul-de-sac)
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| uterus | a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females
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| vagina | in the human female reproductive system, a canal that leads from the uterus to the outside of the body
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| vulva | external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and the vaginal orifice
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| zygote | the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)
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| AFP test | Alpha-fetal protein (fetal serum protein)
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| (blood or amniotic fluid) |
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| predict.... |
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| neural tube defects, spinal bifida |
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| threatened abortion |
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| fetal distress |
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| done 16-18 weks |
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| high false-positive incidence |
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| amenorrhea | absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow
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| amniocentesis | A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
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| anovulation | the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary
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| Apgar score | a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. 10 point scale evaluated at 1, 5 minutes.
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| cervical dysplasia | growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be detected by a Pap smear
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| cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix
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| cesarean section (CS) | Delivery of fetus through an incision into the abdominal cavity and uterus.
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| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina
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| culdocentesis | needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation
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| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus
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| endometriosis | endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
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| episiotomy | surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth
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| erythroblastosis fetalis | hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
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| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus
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| hysteroptosis | Prolapse of the uterus
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| hystoerosalpingography HSG | is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes
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| leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle (usually in the uterus or digestive tract)
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| mammography | a diagnostic procedure to detect breast tumors by the use of X rays
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| mastectomy | surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
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| meconium | thick dark green mucoid material that is the first feces of a newborn child
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| menorrhagia | excessive bleeding during menstruation
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| metrorrhagia | bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation
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| nuchal cord | abnormal but common occurrence of the umbilical cord wrapped around the neck of the neonate
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| oligyhydramnios | a condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid
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| oophorectomy | surgical removal of one of both ovaries
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| ovarian cyst | a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
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| Pap smear | medical screening used to detect cancerous or infected cells of the cervix and vagina
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| PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome, condition marked by excessive secretion of androgens by the ovaries.
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| preeclampsia | abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria
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| salpingitis | inflammation of a Fallopian tube (usually the result of infection spreading from the vagina or uterus) or of a Eustachian tube
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| salpingolysis | removal of the adhesions in the fallopian tubes to reestablish patency with the goal of fertility
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| tubal ligation | blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring
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| uterine artery embolization | blocks arteries supplying blood to the fibroids by injecting particles into the artery
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| vulvovaginitis | inflammation of the vulva and the vagina
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| FSH | anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates gamete production in the gonads
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| LH | Luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and target the gonads, in females it stimulates the ovaries causing development of a corpus luteum, in males it stimulates the testes to make testosterone
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| oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary
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| hematosalpinx | blood in the fallopian tubes
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| primigravida | woman during her first pregnancy
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| multigravida | woman who has been pregnant more than once
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| nulligravida | a woman who has never been pregnant
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| multipara | woman who has delivered more than one viable infant
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| nullipara | (obstetrics) a woman who has never give birth to a child
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| hydrosalpinx | water in the uterine tube
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| pyosalpinx | pus in the uterine tube
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| endometritis | inflammation of the lining of the uterus (of the endometrium)
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| endometriosis | the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus
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| retroflexion of the uterrus | the body of the uterus is bent backward, forming and angle with the cerix (tipped uterus)
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| leukorrhea | discharge of white mucous material from the vagina
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| vaginal prolapse | downword displacement of the vagina aka colpoptosis
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| vulvitis | inflammation of the external female genitalia
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| vulvodynia | idiopathic syndrome of nonspecific complaints of pain of the vulva
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| galactorrhea | the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding
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| mastitis | inflammation of a breast (or udder)
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| mastoptosis | sagging breast
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| thelitis | infammation of the nipples; aka acromastitis
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| DUB | dysfunctional uterine bleeding not caused by a tumor, inflammation or pregnancy
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| menometrorrhagia | excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals
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| oligomenorrhea | abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
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| PMDD | premenstrual dysphoric disorder severity of symptoms...more sever than regular PMS
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| PMS | a syndrome that occurs in many women from 2 to 14 days before the onset of menstruation
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| abruptio placentae | a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
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| agalactia | a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered
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| cephalopelvic disproportion | condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small
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| abortion | termination of pregnancy
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| oligohydramnios | decreased amniotic fluid. increased risk of fetus because the umbilical cord does not have enough fluid to float and may become compressed.
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| placenta previa | pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part)
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| polyhydramnios | excessive amniotic fluid
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| preeclampsia | abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria
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| CIN | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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| endometial hyperplasia | excessive development of cells in the lining of the uterus
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| fibroadenoma of the breast | noncancerous breast tumors composed of fibrous and glandular tissue
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| fibrocystic changes of the breast | formerly called fibrocystic disease, benign condition affects the glandular and stromal tissue
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| leiomyoma of the uterus | also termed fibroids these smooth muscle tumors of the uterus are usually nonpainful
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| mature teratoma of the ovary | also termed dermoid cysts these noncancerous ovarian growths arise from germ cells
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| ovarian cyst | a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
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| choriocarcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
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| endometrial adenocarninoma | the most common cancer of the uterus, develops in the cells that line the uterus
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| EOC | epithelial ovarian cancer, an inherited mutation of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is linked to the risk of this malignancy and breast cancer
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| IDC | Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
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| leiomyosarcoma | rare cancer of the smooth muscle of the uterus
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| lobular carcinoma | about 15% of breast cancers are lobular carcinomas
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| Paget disease of the breast | What breast malignancy has tumor cells with a halo surrounding the nucleus and is an ulceration of the nipple and areola with crusting, fissuring, and oozing?
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| squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix | the most common type of cervial cancer, thought to be caused by HPV
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| culdoscopy | endoscopic examination of a woman's pelvic organs by the insertion of a culdoscope through the vagina
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| hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterus and uterine lining using an endoscope inserted through the vagina
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| laparoscopy | laparotomy performed with a laparoscope that makes a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity (especially the ovaries and Fallopian tubes)
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| CVS | Chorionic Villus Sampling genetic test where a doctor inserts a special instrument through the mother's vagina and cervix, and removes a small amount of tissue from the embryonic membrane for testing
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| CST | measure the fetal heart rate throughout a minimum of three contractions within a 10 min period
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| NST | nonstress test, stimulation of the fetus tomonitor for a normal, expected acceleration of the fetal heart rate
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| congenital hypothyroidism | Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone that causes severe mental retardation
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| PKU | Phenulketonuria A genetic abnormality in which a child cannot metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid, which consequently builds up in the body and causes mental retardation. If treated with a special diet, retardation is prevented
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| cervicectomy | excision of the cervix
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| clitoridectomy | type of FGC- involves removal of the clitoris
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| colpopexy | the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall
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| colpoplasty | surgical repair of the vagina
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| culdoplasty | surgical repair of the cul-de-sac
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| D & C | dilation and curettage: procedure that widens the cervical canal with a dilator and scrapes the uterine endometrium with a curette
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| hymenotomy | incision of the hymen
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| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus
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| LEEP | loop electrocautery excision procedure to remove abnormal cells in cervical dysplasia
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| lumpectomy | excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes
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| mammoplasty | Surgical repair of the breast
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| mastectomy | surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
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| mastopexy | plastic surgery to lift or reshape the breasts
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| oophorectomy | surgical removal of one of both ovaries
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| pelvic exenteration | Removal of internal and reproductive organs in the region of the hip
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| salpingectomy | surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes
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| salpingolysis | removal of the adhesions in the fallopian tubes to reestablish patency with the goal of fertility
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| theleplasty | plastic surgery of the nipple
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| UAE | uterine artery embolization
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| cephalic version | Physician's effort to turn the fetus during delivery
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| cerclage | suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion. The sutures are removed prior to delivery
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| VBAC | Vaginal birth after cesearean
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| AI | Artificial insemination
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| GIFT | Lab mixing and injection of the ova and sperm into the fallopiam tubes so that fertilization occurs naturally in the body
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| ICSI | intracytoplasmic sperm injection, sperm is manually inserted into the lady, happens when male has low sperm count and/or poor motility
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| IVF | In Vitro Fertilization. Eggs (ova) are removed from the ovary laproscopically and placed in a culture dish. The eggs are fertilized with a sperm sample from the father or donor male.
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| ZIFT | small incision surgery where egg is fertilized in a lab, zygotes are transferred to the fallopian tube in their undivided state
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| salpingosalpingostomy | the rejoining of previously cut fallopian tubes to re-establish patency; a reversal of a tubal ligation
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| sterilization | the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria or other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means)
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