Bacterial Growth
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| What are some physical factors that would affect growth? | Temp, pH, and osmotic pressure
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| What are some examples of organisms that would affected by temp? | 1) Psychorophiles , 2) Mesophiles 3) Thermophiles
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| What are psychorophiles? | (They are cold loving, so they divide slowly over long time)
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| What are mesophiles? | They live in and on us as pathogens since they like body temp
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| What are thermophiles? | Hot loving
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| Where do they reside? | Yellowstone hot springs
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| In which type of reaction are they important? | Polymerase chain reaction enzymes
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| What are hyperthermophils? | They live in boliling water
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| What is the scary thing they are capable of in regards to DNA? | They can divide really quickly, turning one DNA molecule into MILLIONS over a short period of time
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| At what pH do most bacteria like to reside? | 6.5-7.5 (slightlyu acidic to neutral pH)
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| What pH do acidophiles like to reside? | pH < 6.5
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| OSMOTIC PRESSURE | OSMOTIC PRESSURE
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| What does a high salt content do to the cell? | Makes water leave the cell
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| What are halophils? | Salt-loving organisms
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| What are nutritional factors required for growth? | Nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and trace minerals
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| What are trace minerals? | Co-factors like vitamins
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| Do all organisms need oxygen to grow? | Nope...
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| What are obligate aerobes? | Need oxygen to grow
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| Faculatative anaerobes/aerobes? | Can grow w/o oxygen, but they want oxygen to make ATP
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| What are microaerophiles? | Only live in SPECIFIC oxygen concentration
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| What are aerotolerant anaerobes: | They can withstand oxygen, but grow slowly in it
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| What are obligate anaerobes? | Can't grow at all in oxygen
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| Where do most of the organisms fall under? | Obligate anaerobes
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| how do those organisms that can't grow in oxygen get rid of the oxygen? | Some protective enzymes that are used to detoxify oxygen
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| What are the energy sources for heterotrophs? | Organic molecules from food...etc.
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| What are the two forms of growth media? | broth and agar
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| What is broth? | Liquid culture you shake to give oxygen to
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| What is agar? | Take the broth, boil it, and solidify it
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| What are the types of agar? | Plates (most), tubes, and slants
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| What are the types of meda? | Complex, defined, minimal, slective, differential, blood
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| What is complex? | Put in lots of stuff (like yeast extract)to get lots of bacteria
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| What is defined? | We know what's in it down to the exact amount each
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| What is minimal? | You just put in enough to get something to grow
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| What is selective? | Only allows certain organisms to grow
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| What is differential? | Things grow, but we can tell them apart via color or they hemolysis ability
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| What is the blood media? | How some orgs can perform hymolysis and some can't
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| What is the comlex form of hymolysis called? | Beta lysis
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| What is the Gamma Hemolysis? | No actual hemolytic activity
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| CONDITIONS OF INCUBATION | CONDITIONS OF INCUBATION
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| What is the standard temperature for incubatioN? | body temp at 37
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| When would we use shaking incubators? | For aerobic cultures to get oxygen
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| What's an anaerobic chamber? | No air
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| What's an anaerobic gas pack? | ???
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| What is a reducing media? | Gets oxygen out of culture to let organisms grow
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| What are enrichment cultures special additions? | CO2, blood, and vitamins
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| What are some forms of bacterial growth? | In plate--culture
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| How does a colony grow? | On agar surface
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| How does turbidity become obvious? | In broth
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| How many cells are needed to yeild observable turbidity? | Over 10^7 cells per mL
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| MEASUREMENTS OF CELL NUMBER | CELL NUMBER
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| What is the process of cell count by microscopy? | Put sample on grid
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| Is this method used a lot? | no
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| What is a viable count? What do you do in one? | Plate count; put sample on grid to see what grows
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| What are types of viable counts? | Pour, spread, and plate dilutions
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| What are pour plates used for? | Counting anaerobes
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| What are spread plates used for? | Counting aerobes
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| What are plate dilutions used for? | To determine bacterial samples...
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| How do you measure turbidity? | Spectrophotometer
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| When would you need to employ turbidity measurements? | When you know organisms, but you have to get a reliable number of the turbidity
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| When would you streak for isolation? | When you want to purify the bacteria
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| What would you need to do? | Isolate a single bacterium to see which colony grows
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| What is the bacterium growth curve? | The growth of bacteria in broth culture over time
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| What are the types of bacterial division? | Binary fission, generative time
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| What is generative time? | Time required for one division (doubling
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| What is the approximate generation time for most bacteria in a complex media? | 30-60 minutes
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| what is generally understood as being always a component of the growth curve? | That you always have death...
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| What are the components of the growth curve? | Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase
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| What is the lag phase dependant on? | Dependant on the organism
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| What is the log phase? | Exponential growth phase
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| What is the stationary phase? | When something is exhausted, you pretty much don't move (ie, saturation)
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| Give an example of the stationary phase... | When glucose doesn't have a co-factor
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| What is the death phase? | Toxic stuff out othere
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| When would you generally observe the death phase? | IN LAB....
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Created by:
talkglitter2486