Anatomy
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| rough ER: synthesis of: | secretory proteins, integral membrane proteins
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| smooth ER: synthesis of: | lipids & steroids; also CHO metab
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| Golgi apparatus | process & package proteins & lipids
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| 1st branchial (pharyngeal) arch AKA mandibular arch = | Trigeminal nerve (V2 and V3)
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| 2nd branchial (pharyngeal) arch AKA hyoid arch = | Facial nerve (VII)
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| 3rd branchial (pharyngeal) arch = | Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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| 4th branchial (pharyngeal) arch = | Vagus nerve (X); Superior laryngeal nerve
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| 6th branchial (pharyngeal) arch = | Vagus nerve (X); Recurrent laryngeal nerve
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| Hypothalamus hormones | CRH, GHRH, GnRH, TRH, DA, SS
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| Pituitary hormones | Prolactin; GH; ACTH; ADH; TSH; LH/FSH
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| Adrenal hormones | Epinephrine; Cortisol; Aldosterone
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| Control of prolactin | produced by pit; neg inhib by DA (so the more DA, less prolactin)
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| Regulation of Hypothalamus | Upper cortical inputs (CNS); Autonomic NS; environmental cues (light & temp); Peripheral endocrine FB
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| FSH: fx | Estrogen (F); Spermatogenesis (M) [if no estrogen prod: FSH increases]
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| LH: fx | regulates ovulation; stimulates testosterone in men [if no testosterone prod: LH increases]
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| TSH: fx | increases thyroid hormone production [if no TH prod: TSH increases]
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| Prolactin: fx | induces lactation
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| GH: fx | controls acral growth
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| ACTH: fx | stimulates cortisol production
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| Axial skeleton: | 15 % of skel mass; verts, pelvis, skull; majority of cancellous bone (most of Ca efflux from this); 80 % of metabolic activity
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| Appendicular Skeleton | 85 % of skel mass; long bones; majority of cortical bone; 20 % of metabolic activity
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| More abundant; precursor to T3 | T4
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| exerts majority of thyroidal hormone effects: | T3
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| Circulating T3 & T4 | most is pro-bound; unbound = regulator for negative feedback inhibition mechanism
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| Thyroid hormones control: | O2 consumption CHO & protein metabolism, electrolyte mobilization & conversion of carotene to Vitamin A; also lipid synth & metab
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| Thyroid & insulin req in DM | Hypo: dec insulin req, inc chol/TG; hyper = inc insulin req, dec chol/TG
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| TBG affects: | amt serum T3 & T4 (not physiologic thyroid status, which is affected by free hormone)
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| 2 actions of ADH | Alters the permeability of renal collecting tubules to water; Causes vasoconstriction
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| ADH is secreted when serum osmo exceeds: | 285 mOsm/L
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| Vit D metabolites: fn | responsible for absorption of dietary calcium & phosphate in intestines; enhance PTH fx on mobilization of skeletal Ca & PO4
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| IGF's fn: | IGF’s mediate the effect of GH on skeletal muscle
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| Aldosterone made in: | zona glomerulosa
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| Aldosterone fn | reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium; prevention of hypovolemia & hyperkalemia
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| Cortisol fn | counters fx of insulin; anti-inflam
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| Cortisol level highest when: | in AM; in stress & exercise
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| Bartholin vs skene glands | bartholin: below and lateral to vagina, similar to Cowper gland; Skene: above and lateral (anterior vaginal wall)
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| 2 components of Aorta | thoracic (ascending, arch, descending); Abdominal
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| 3 layers of aorta: | Intima; Media; Adventitia
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| Hesselbach triangle | rectus sheath, inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament
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| GI tract layers | SLMCSSM: serosa, mx externa (long mx, myenteric plexus, circular mx), submucosal plexus, serosa, (mx) mucosa, lam propria, epithelium
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| Sinus devt | maxil / ethmoid dz most common; fully formed at birth (clinical dz at 6 mos); sphenoid 7-8 yrs; frontal early teens
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Created by:
Abarnard
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