METABOLISM AND CELL SIGNALING
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| How is excess glucose stored? | Glycogen
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| Where is the glucose stored? | In liver and skeletal muscles
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| When is the glycogen formed? | 1st glycolysis step
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| Where is glycogen broken down? | Liver
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| Why is glucose important in our body? | Needed for nervous system functioning
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| Can a fat molecule become glucose? | NOOOOOO
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| What are adipocytes? | Fat cells, where the majority of energy is stored as triglycerides during food uptake
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| At rest, where does half of our energy come from? | from fat breakdown
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| How much ATP can we get when we break down one fatty acid? | 146 ATP molecule
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| Can glucose become fat? How so? | Yes!! Too much sugar makes me fat. You'd need intermediates like pyruvate or acetyul coA
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| What does the process of fat breakdown begin with? | Beta oxydation
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| What is this process? | Split off a Acetyl co-A from fatty acid to transfer 2 hydrogen atoms
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| Where do the by-products of the beta oxydation feed into? | Krebs cycle-->ETC
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| PROTEIN BREAKDOWN | PROTEIN BREAKDOWN
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| What breaks the peptide bonds in the proteins? | Enzyme protease
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| How is the amino group in the amino acid removed? | Deamination and transamination
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| What is the process of deamination? | Amino group gives rise to a molecule of ammonia and is replaced by an oxygen atom derived from water (KETO)
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| What is transamination? | Transfer of the amino group of an amino acid to a KETO
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| What does transamination result in? | An amino acid
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| What happens to the rest of the amino acid once the amino group is removed? | It can enter the krebs cycle
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| What is a major waste product of protein catabolism? | Urea
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| Do we get a lot of ATP from protein catabolism? | NOpe
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| Our bodies can make how many amino acids? | 11
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| Where can we get the rest? | From food we need (need variety of food)
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| Can we do this reaction: Acetyl-Co A-->pyruvate? | No, the reaction of pyruvate to acetyl coa is irreversible
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| What are the categories of the essential nutrients? | 20 mineral elements, 2 fatty acids, 14 vatamins, and 9 amino acids
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| Can a fatty acid be converted to glucose? | NO!!! B/c you can't reverse going from pyruvate to acetyl co-A
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