Stack #66083
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| pulmonary system | the lungs and airways
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| chest-wall system | rib cage, abdomen, diapharagm
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| Upper respiratory system (URS) | oral and nasal cavities and the pharynx
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| lower respeiratory system (LRS) | the larynx, the bronchial system and the lungs
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| LRS | trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs
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| bronchial tree | trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
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| cilia | act as a filtering system to clean the air going into the lungs
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| surfactant | keep alveoli in an inflated state
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| thoracic cavity | houses the lungs
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| external intercostal | run betweeen the ribs and pull the rib cage upward and outward during inspiration
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| internal intercostals | pull down on and lower the entire rib cage, thus decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
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| Pleural linkage | the negative pressure within the pleural spacce between the visceral and parietal pleurae that attaches the lungs and thorax and forces them to operate as a unit
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| lung volumes | single nonoverlapping values
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| lung capacities | include two or more lung volumes
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| Resting expiratory leve (REL) | a state of equilibrium in the respiratory system
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| Tidal volume | volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a cycle of respiration
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| inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | volume of air that can be inhaled abouve TV
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| expiratory reseve volume (ERV) | volume of air that can be exhaled below
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| vital capacity (VC) | volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation includes IRV + TV + ERV
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| Funtional residual capacity (FRC) | Volume of air remaining in the lungs and airways at the end-expiratory level (includes ERV + RV)
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| Total lung capacity (TLC) | Total amount of air the lungs can hold (includes TV +ERV+ RV)
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| Perception of two pitches at the same time | diplophonia
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| voluntary shifts in Fo are known as | pitch breaks
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| myoelastic aerodynamic theory | based on the fact that phonation is a muscle activity with active involvement of elasticy of the muscles and the changes in air pressure and air flow
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| Respiratory characteristices of Parkinson's disease | changes in chest wall shape, rigidity of chest wall muscles results in reduced movement of the rib cage and more dispalcement of the abdoment, reduced VC, reduced oral pressure
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| characteristics of cerebellar disease | reduced VC although TLC may be normal, abrupt changes in motions of the chest wall, utterances initiated below normal lung volumes, sometimes even below REL
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| characteristics of cervical spinal cord injury | difficulty generating normal pressures and flows, reduced loudness, imprecise, fewere than normal syllabels per breath, abnormally small VC, IRV<, ERV
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| characteristices ro cerebral palsy | reduced pressures and volumes during speech, reduced VC, difficulty accessing IRV and ERV due to inspiratory muscle weakness, high airflows for speech due to insufficient valving
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| characteristics of patients on mechanical ventilator | tracheal pressure abnormally high, unable to control timeing of ventilator cycles, excessivly high tidal volume, smaller number of syllables per breath
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| characteristics of the hearing impaired | begin exhaling for speech at below normal lung volumes, excessive air expenditure per syllable, end utterances below FRC, breathy voice, force to pause more often
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Created by:
dbrinker