Hillcrest Transcription, Case #3 The Cardiopulmonary System
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| Acute hepatic failure | The sudden onset of liver failure
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| alveolitis | inflammation of alveoli (air sacs in the lung)
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| asystolic | absence of a heartbeat
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| atrial fibrillation | rapid, irregular contractions of the atria (upper chambers of the heart)
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| atrial flutter | rapid contractions of the atria, more regular than fibrillation
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| axillary | pertaing to the armpit
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| axial sections | referring to the parts of the brain examined by CT scan, which is done in sections throughout the center of the brain.
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| basal ganglia calcifications | deposits of calcium in basal ganglia (groups of nerve cells in the brain)
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| Bilateral | occurring on both sides
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| bleb | an abnormal air-filled sac in emphysematous lung tissue
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| bronchoscopy | examination of the brochi through a bronchoscope ( a sugical procedure)
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| brushings | to obtain cell samples using a brush; this material can be sent to histologic or cytologic evaluation
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| carina | a ridgelike structure where the trachea divides into the left and right main stem bronchi
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| cavitary lesions | abnormal tissue areas containing cavities
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| cerebral edema | excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain substance that causes swelling
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| Code Blue | Medical jargon meaning a patien's hearbeat and /or respirations have ceased, calling for immediate resuscitation procedures (CPR)
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| congestion | swelling of blood vessels due to engorgement with blood
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| cords | referring to the vocal cords
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| cortical atrophy | death of cells in the cerebral cortes (part of the brain)
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| coumadin | trade name for warfarin sodium, an anticoagulant drug
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| CT | abbreviation for computer tomography
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| CT scan | a procedure in which x-ray images are analyzed and combined by a computer to yield views representing thin slices of the part examined
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| dialysis catheter | tubular instrument inserted into a major vein in order to filter the blood of impurities; done in patients whose kidneys have less than normal function
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| dilatation | the condition of being stretch (dilated) beyond normal dimensions
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| echocardiogram | an image produced by recording an echo obtained from beams of ultrasonic waves directed through the chest wall and bouncing back from the heart; it dipicts the structure of the heart
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| effusion | the escape of fluid into a body part or tissue
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| ejection fraction | the proportion of the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole that is ejected during systole
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| EKG leads | conductors connected ot an electrocardiograph (EKG) machine
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| embolectomy | surgical removal of a blood clot (embolus) from a blood vessel
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| endobronchial | within the bronchi
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| epiglottis | the lidlike cartilaginous structure that fold back over the opening of the windpipe during swallowing, which prevents frood from entering the lungs.
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| ET tube | abbreviation for endotracheal tube, a tube inserted into trachea (windpipe) to assist in ventilating the patient
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| etiology | cause or origin of a disease or disorder
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| fungemia | the presence of a fungal growth in the blood stream
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| gastrostomy tube | tube inserted through a surgical opening into the stomach, through which nutrition and medication are supplied to the patient
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| glottis | the opening between the vocal cords and the larynx
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| Hemoccult | trade name for a test to discover occult (hidden)blood in the stool
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| hemodialysis | the removal of waste substances from the blood by means of hemodialyzer
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| hemoptysis | the expectoration or spitting up of blood or blood-stained sputum
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| hepatosplenomegaly | enlargment of the liver and spleen
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| high-flow oxygen | oxygen administered to a patient via the highest setting on the oxygen machine (as opposed to low-flow oxygen, which is at a lower setting)
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| hilar | pertaining to the depression, notch, or opening where the vessels and nerves enter an organ
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| HPI | abbreviation for history of present illness
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| hydrocephalus | an incresae in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the cerebrum
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| hypokinesia | abnormally decreased motor function or activity
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| hypoxemic | pertaining to deficient oxygenation of the blood
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| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | hardening of the pulmonary (lung) structures of either unknown or spontaneous origin
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| infiltrate | (v) to penetrate small openings of a tissue or substance; (n) when present on chest x-ray it indicates pneumonia
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| INR | international normalized ration (see laboratory sicussion on page 000)
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| intraoperatively | during an operative procedure (surgery)
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| intravenous | within or through a vein
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| intravenous contrast | material inserted into a vein that allows differences in tissues to be delineated; used in radiology and cardiology procedures
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| intubated | the condition of having a tube inserted into a body canal or hollow organ
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| intubation | the insertion of a tube into a body canal or hollow organ
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae | one etiologic agent of acute bacterial pneumonia (microbiology genus and species name)
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| lesion | a traumatic break in tissue or pathologic loss of function of a part of the body
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| low-flow oxygen | oxygen administered to a patient via the lowest setting on the oxygen machine (as opposed to high-flow oxygen, which is at a hight setting)
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| lymphadenopathy | disease of the lymph nodes
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| malaise | a vague feeling of body disconfort
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| mechanical ventilation | ventilation (breathing) supported or provided by a machine
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| mediastinal | pertaining to the membranous partition separating the lungs or the two pleural sac
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| MVA | abbreviation for motor vehicle accident
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| myocardial infarction | gross necrosis of the myocardium due to lack of blood supply to the area (heart attack)
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| nephrologist | a specialist in the study of the kidney
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| open-lung biopsy | taking a small sample of apparently diseased tissue in surgery while the lungs are exposed (as poosed to a brush biopsy or a procedure with the lungs not exposed)
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| palpitations(s) | rapid or irregular heart-beat(s), primarily used in the plural form
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| parenchymal | pertaining to the essential elements of an organ, i.e., the functional elements of an organ
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| pleural | pertaining to serous membrane that covers the lungs and lining of the thoracic cavity.
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| prothrombin time | a test for coagualtion factos of the blood (see laboratory discussion on page 198-1990
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| pseudocords | false cords (long, rounded structures)
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| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs
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| plumonary vascular congestion | engorgement of pulmonary vessels occurring in cardiac disease, infections, and certain bodily injuries.
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| rhonchus (pl. rhonchi) | a continous dry rattling sound (heard on auscultation) in the throat or bronchial tube due to some type of obstruction
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| S1, S2, S3, S4 | First, second, third and fourth heart sounds; may be heard while listening to the heart via stethoscope: S1 and S2 are normal sounds; S3 and S4 are not normally heard
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| septicemia | toxins in the blood, also called bood poisoning
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| sputum | material coughed up from the lower respiratory tract
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| subarachnoid hemorrahages | hemorrhage (bursting forth of blood) at or between the arachnoid and pia mater of the brain
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| supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias | irregularity in the rhythm of the heart starting from a focus above the ventricles
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| Swan-Ganz catherter | a catherter with a balloon at the tip of measuring pulmonary arterial pressures, trade name
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| thorax | chest
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| thrombosis | formation or presence fo a thrombus or blood clot
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| trachea | windpipe
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| trachostomy | surgical opening into the trachea
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| tuberculosis | an infectious disease of the lung
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| ventricles | lower chambers of the heart
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| Versed | trade name for a nonbarbiturate drug given intravenously (either before or during surgery) to produce sedation and amnesia
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| WNL | abbreviation for within normal limits
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| Xylocaine | trade name for lidocaine, a topical anesthetic drug
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| amphoric | a hollow sound resulting from perscussion over a lung cavity
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