Language of Medicine Chapter 21 - Created by MTatHome.com
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| ACE inhibitor | Drug that lowers blood pressure (antihypertensive).
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| addiction | Physical and psychologic dependence on and craving for a drug.
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| additive action | Combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.
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| aerosol | Particles of drug suspended in air.
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| amphetamine | Central nervous system stimulant.
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| analgesic | Drug that relieves pain.
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| anaphylaxis | Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or to a foreign protein (antigen).
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| androgen | Male hormone.
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| anesthesia | Absence of nervous feeling or sensation.
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| anesthetic | Drug that reduces or eliminates nervous sensation.
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| angiotensin II receptor antagonist | Drug that lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.
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| antacid | Drug that works against acid in the stomach.
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| antagonistic action | Combination of two drugs gives less than the sum of the effects of each together.
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| antiandrogen | Drug that slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.
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| antiarrhythmic | Drug that treats abnormal heart rhythms.
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| antibiotic | Chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.
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| anticoagulant | Drug that prevents blood clotting.
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| anticonvulsant | Drug that prevents convulsions and seizures.
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| antidepressant | Drug that relieves symptoms of depression.
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| antidiabetic | Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.
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| antidiarrheal | Drug that prevents diarrhea.
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| antidote | Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.
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| antiemetic | Drug that prevents nausea and vomiting.
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| antihistamine | Drug that blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.
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| antinauseant | Drug that relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.
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| antiplatelet | Drug that reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.
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| antipruritic | Drug that acts against itching (pruritus).
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| antipyretic | Drug that lowers fever.
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| antiulcer | Drug that inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.
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| antiviral | Drug that acts against viruses such as the herpes virus and HIV.
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| aromatase inhibitor | Drug that reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme, aromatase.
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| bactericidal | Pertaining to killing bacteria.
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| bacteriostatic | Pertaining to inhibiting bacterial growth.
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| beta-blocker | Blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on the heart and blood vessels and thus lowers the blood pressure.
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| bisphosphonate | Drug that prevents bone loss in osteoporosis and osteopenia.
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| brand name | Commercial name for a drug; trade or trademark name.
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| bronchodilator | Agent that dilates (widens) blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm.
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| caffeine | Central nervous system stimulant.
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| calcium channel blocker | Drug that stops entrance of calcium into muscle of the heart and blood vessels. This lowers blood pressure and restores normal heart rhythm.
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| cardiovascular | Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular drugs act on the heart and blood vessels; ACE inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers, and statins.
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| cathartic | Drug that relieves constipation.
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| chemical name | Chemical formula for a drug.
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| chemotherapy | Treatment with drugs.
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| contraindication | Factor in a patient’s condition that prevents the use of a particular drug or treatment.
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| diuretic | Drug that promotes or increases the production of urine (diuresis).
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| emetic | Drug that promotes vomiting.
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| endocrine | Pertaining to internal secretion. An endocrine drug is a hormone or hormone-like drug; androgens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids.
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| erythromycin | Antibiotic that is extracted from a red (erythr/o) mold (-mycin).
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| estrogen | Female hormone that promotes secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.
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| gastrointestinal | Pertaining to the stomach and intestinal.
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| generic name | Legal, noncommercial name for a drug.
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| glucocorticoid | Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces tissue inflammation.
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| hypnotic | Drug that promotes sleep or a trance-like state (hypnosis).
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| hypodermic | Pertaining to under the skin.
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| iatrogenic | Pertaining to a condition that is produced (-genic) by a physician or treatment (iatr/o).
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| idiosyncrasy | Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual, but not seen in most patients.
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| inhalation | Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.
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| intrathecal | Pertaining to within the meninges or membranes surrounding the spinal cord. Drugs may be administered intrathecally.
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| laxative | Weak cathartic; promotes movement of feces through the colon.
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| medicinal chemistry | Study of new drug synthesis and the relationship between the chemical structure of a drug and its biologic effect.
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| molecular pharmacology | Study of the interaction of drugs and their target molecules, enzymes, or cell surface receptors.
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| narcotic | Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor and insensibility; morphine and opium.
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| oral administration | Drugs that are given by mouth.
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| parenteral administration | Drugs or nourishment are given intravenously (within a vein) and other than through the intestinal tract.
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| pharmacist | Specialist in preparing and dispensing drug.
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| pharmacodynamics | Study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body.
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| pharmacokinetics | Calculation of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time.
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| pharmacologist | Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and actions of drugs.
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| pharmacology | Study of the properties, uses, and actions of drugs.
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| pharmacy | Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; study of preparing and dispensing drugs.
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| progestin | Hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and hormone replacement therapy.
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| purgative | Drug that relieves constipation and is a strong cathartic.
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| receptor | Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.
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| rectal administration | Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.
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| respiratory drug | Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections that affect breathing; bronchodilators are respiratory drugs.
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| sedative | Mild sleep inducing agent that relaxes a patient without necessarily producing sleep.
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| side effect | Adverse effect that routinely results from the use of a drug.
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| stimulant | Drug that excites and promotes activity.
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| subcutaneous | Pertaining to under the skin.
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| sublingual | Pertaining to under the tongue.
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| synergism | Drug action in which the combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug.
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| synergistic | Pertaining to synergism.
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| syringe | Instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.
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| thyroid hormone | Secretion from the thyroid gland that stimulates cellular metabolism.
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| tolerance | Drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve a desired effect.
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| topical application | Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, lotions, and creams are examples.
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| toxicity | Harmful effect of a drug.
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| toxicology | Branch of pharmacology that studies harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.
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| tranquilizer | Drug that controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.
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| transport | Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.
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| vasodilator | Drug that widens blood vessels.
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| vitamin | Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.
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