Language of Medicine Chapter 17 - Created by MTatHome.com
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| accommodation | Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.
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| acoustic | Pertaining to hearing.
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| acoustic neuroma | Benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve.
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| amblyopia | Reduced vision (poor eyesight).
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| anisocoria | Inequality in the size of pupils.
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| anterior chamber | Space behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris; contains aqueous humor.
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| aphakia | Absence of the lens of the eye.
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| aqueous humor | Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye.
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| astigmatism | Abnormal curvature of the eyeball so that rays of light are not focused on a single point on the retina.
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| audiogram | Record of hearing using an audiometer.
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| audiometer | Instrument to measure or test hearing.
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| audiometry | Process of testing hearing.
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| auditory canal | Channel leading from the ear flap to the eardrum.
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| auditory meatus | Opening of the auditory canal to the outside of the body.
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| auditory nerve fibers | Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex).
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| auditory tube | Channel between the middle ear and the throat; eustachian tube.
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| aural | Pertaining to the ear.
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| auricle | Flap of the ear; pinna.
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| biconvex | Having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is biconvex.
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| blepharitis | Inflammation of an eyelid.
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| blepharoptosis | Blepharoptosis is prolapse of the upper eyelid; ptosis.
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| cataract | Clouding or loss of transparency of the lens of the eye.
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| cerumen | Waxy substance secreted by the ear; ear wax.
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| chalazion | Small, hard mass (granuloma) on the eyelid.
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| cholesteatoma | Middle ear mass of cellular debris and cholesterol crystals.
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| choroid | Middle, vascular layer of the eye.
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| ciliary body | Structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris; contains muscles that control the shape of the lens.
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| cochlea | Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.
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| cochlear | Pertaining to the cochlea.
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| cone | Photoreceptor cell in the retina; responsible for color and central vision.
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| conjunctiva | Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball.
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| conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
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| cornea | Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
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| corneal abrasion | Rubbing off of a part of the outer layer of the cornea.
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| corneoscleral | Pertaining to the cornea and sclera, which is the white of the eye.
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| cycloplegia | Paralysis of the muscles of the ciliary body.
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| dacryoadenitis | Inflammation of tear glands.
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| deafness | Loss of the ability to hear.
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| diabetic retinopathy | Disease of the retina due to long-term effects of diabetes.
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| diplopia | Double vision.
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| ear thermometry | Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.
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| endolymph | Fluid within the labyrinth (canals) of the inner ear; conducts sound waves.
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| enucleation | Removal of the eyeball from the orbit of the eye.
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| esotropia | Turning inward of one or both pupils; cross-eyes.
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| eustachian tube | Channel between the middle ear and the throat; auditory tube.
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| exotropia | Turning to the side or outward of one or both pupils.
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| fluorescein angiography | Process of recording (viewing and photographing) the circulation of a fluorescein dye through the blood vessels of the retina.
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| fovea centralis | Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.
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| fundus of the eye | Large, posterior inner part of the eye that is visualized with an ophthalmoscope.
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| glaucoma | Fluid accumulation in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye causing increased pressure and damage to the retina.
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| hemianopsia | Absence of vision for one half, right or left, of an individual’s field of vision.
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| hordeolum | Inflammation of an oil-secreting gland in the eyelid; stye.
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| hyperacusis | Excessive sensitivity to sounds.
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| hyperopia | Farsightedness; light rays are focused beyond, instead of directly on the retina.
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| hypertensive retinopathy | Disease of the retina due to high blood pressure.
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| incus | Small anvil-shaped bone (ossicle) in the middle ear; second ossicle.
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| intraocular | Pertaining to within the eye.
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| iridectomy | Removal of a portion of the iris.
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| iridic | Pertaining to the iris.
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| iris | Colored, pigmented portion of the eye, surrounding the pupil.
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| iritis | Inflammation of the iris of the eye.
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| keratitis | Inflammation of the cornea.
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| keratoplasty | Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplant.
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| labyrinth | Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear; cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.
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| lacrimal | Pertaining to tears.
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| lacrimation | Production of tears.
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| laser photocoagulation | Use of a laser to seal retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels.
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| lens | Transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.
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| macrotia | Abnormally large ears.
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| macula | Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, the area of clearest and central vision.
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| macular degeneration | Deterioration of the macula of the retina and producing a loss of central vision.
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| malleus | Hammer-shaped, small bone (ossicle) in the middle ear.
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| mastoiditis | Inflammation and infection of the mastoid process just behind the ear.
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| Meniere disease | Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph (fluid) pressure.
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| microtia | Abnormally small ears.
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| miosis | Contraction of the pupil of the eye.
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| miotic | Drug that causes the pupil of the eye to contract.
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| mydriasis | Widening of the pupil of the eye.
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| myopia | Nearsightedness; vision for near objects is better than for far.
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| myringitis | Inflammation of the eardrum.
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| myringotomy | Incision of the eardrum.
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| nyctalopia | Night blindness or difficult, poor vision at night.
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| nystagmus | Repetitive, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes.
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| ophthalmic | Pertaining to the eye.
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| ophthalmologist | Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye.
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| ophthalmoscopy | Visual examination of the interior of the eye.
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| optic chiasm | Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain.
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| optic disc | Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
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| optic nerve | Cranial nerve that carries impulses from the rod and cone cells of the retina to the cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain.
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| optician | Non-medical professional trained in grinding lenses and fitting eyeglasses.
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| optometrist | Non-medical professional trained to examine and measure the eye to prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses.
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| ossicle | Small bone; malleus, incus, or stapes of the middle ear.
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| ossiculoplasty | Surgical repair of an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear.
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| otic | Pertaining the ear.
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| otolaryngologist | Specialist (surgeon)in ear, nose, and throat disorders.
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| otomycosis | Fungal infection of the ear.
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| otopyorrhea | Discharge of pus from the ear.
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| otosclerosis | Overgrowth and hardening of bony tissue in the labyrinth (inner ear).
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| otoscopy | Visual examination of the ear using an otoscope.
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| oval window | Membrane between the middle and inner ears.
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| palpebral | Pertaining to an eyelid.
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| papilledema | Swelling of the optic disc; associated with increased pressure within the eye.
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| perilymph | Fluid contained in the labyrinth (canals of the inner ear).
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| phacoemulsification | Lens of the eye is extracted (cataract removal) using ultrasonic vibrations.
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| photophobia | Sensitivity to light.
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| pinna | Outer ear flap; auricle.
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| postauricular | Pertaining to behind the ear.
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| presbycusis | Progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle and older ages.
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| presbyopia | Impairment of vision associated with middle or older ages.
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| pupil | Dark, central portion of the eye.
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| pupillary | Pertaining to the pupil of the eye.
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| refraction | Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring light rays into focus on the retina.
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| retina | Sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye.
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| retinal detachment | Separation of the two layers of the retina from each other.
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| retinitis pigmentosa | Inflammation of the retina with pigmentation and progressive scarring of tissue.
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| rod | Photoreceptor retinal cell; essential for seeing objects in low light and for peripheral vision.
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| salpingopharyngeal | Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat.
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| sclera | White portion of the eyeball.
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| scleral buckle | Procedure to suture a band of silicone on the sclera directly over a detached portion of the retina.
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| scleritis | Inflammation of the sclera.
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| scotoma | Blind spot in the field of vision.
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| semicircular canals | Passageways in the inner ear that are associated with maintaining equilibrium.
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| serous otitis media | Non-infectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of clear fluid.
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| slit-lamp microscopy | Examination of ocular (eye) structures using a slit lamp and microscope.
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| stapedectomy | Removal of the stapes (third middle ear bone).
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| stapes | Small, stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear; third ossicle.
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| strabismus | Abnormal deviation of the pupils; esotropia or exotropia are examples.
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| suppurative otitis media | Infectious inflammation of the middle ear with pus formation.
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| thalamus | Relay center in the brain through which optic nerve fibers pass on their way to the cerebral cortex.
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| tinnitus | Ringing, buzzing or roaring sound in the ear.
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| tonometry | Measurement of tension and pressure within the eye; glaucoma test.
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| tuning fork tests | Measure bone and air conduction of sound through the ear.
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| tympanic membrane | Membrane between the outer and middle ear; eardrum.
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| tympanoplasty | Surgical repair of the eardrum.
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| uveitis | Inflammation of the uvea, which is the vascular layer of the eye (including the iris, choroids, and ciliary body).
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| vertigo | Abnormal sensation of moving in space or having objects move about you in space.
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| vestibule | Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals.
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| vestibulocochlear | Pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea.
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| visual acuity test | Measurement of clearness of vision; assessed by reading letters of decreasing size on an eye chart.
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| visual field test | Measurement of the area in front of the eye in any part of which an object is seen without moving the eye.
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| vitrectomy | Removal of vitreous humor.
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| Xerophthalmia | Condition of excessive dryness of the eye.
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