Language of Medicine Chapter 12 - Created by MTatHome.com
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| adenoid hypertrophy | Increased development.
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| adenoidectomy | Removal of the adenoids.
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| adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.
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| alveolar | Pertaining to an alveolus.
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| alveolus (plural alveoli) | An individualized section of an air sac in the lung.
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| anosmia | Loss of the sense of smell.
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| anthracosis | Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs; black lung disease.
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| apex of the lung | Uppermost portion of the lung.
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| apical | Pertaining to the tip of an organ.
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| apnea | Stoppage of breathing.
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| asbestosis | Abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lungs.
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| asphyxia | Deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
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| asthma | Chronic inflammation disorder, characterized by airway obstruction and caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production.
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| atelectasis | Collapsed lung.
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| auscultation | Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope.
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| bacilli | Rod-shaped bacteria that are the cause of tuberculosis.
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| base of the lung | The lower portion of the lung.
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| bronchial alveolar lavage | Irrigation or washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then removing it to analyze the contents.
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| bronchiectasis | Abnormal widening bronchial tubes.
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| bronchiole | Small bronchial tube.
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| bronchiolitis | Inflammation of a bronchiole.
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| bronchodilator | An agent that opens bronchial tubes.
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| bronchopleural | Pertaining to a bronchial tube and pleura.
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| bronchoscopy | Visual examination of the bronchial tubes using an endoscope or bronchoscope.
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| bronchospasm | Involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi.
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| bronchus | Branch of the trachea that leads toward the air sacs of the lung.
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| carbon dioxide | Gas produced in tissue cells when oxygen and food combine.
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| chest tomograms | Series of x-ray images that reveal the chest in-depth (layers or sections of the lung).
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| chronic bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long period of time.
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Lung and bronchial tube conditions that block and damage airways and persist over a long period of time. Examples are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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| cilia | Thin hairs that line the nasal passageways and tubes of the respiratory tract.
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| computed tomography of the chest | Computer generated x-ray images showing thoracic structures in cross-section.
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| cor pulmonale | Enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease.
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| croup | Acute viral infection in infants and children; characterized by barking cough, obstruction of the larynx and stridor (strained, high-pitched noisy breathing).
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| cyanosis | Abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin.
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| cystic fibrosis | Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions that don’t drain normally.
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| diaphragm | Muscle that separates the chest and abdomen; aids breathing.
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| diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat caused by diphtheria bacteria; characterized by formation of a thick membrane that obstructs the throat and breathing.
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| dysphonia | Abnormal voice or sound produced by speaking.
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| dyspnea | Abnormal breathing.
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| emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
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| empyema | Pus in the pleural space (cavity) surrounding the lungs.
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| endotracheal intubation | Tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway.
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| epiglottis | Thin piece of cartilage that covers the entrance to the voice box and windpipe when a person is swallowing.
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| epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis.
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| epistaxis | Nosebleed.
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| expectoration | Coughing up of mucus or sputum from the throat and respiratory tract.
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| expiration | Process of breathing out or exhalation.
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| exudate | Fluid, cells, or other substances that slowly leave cells or capillaries through pores or breaks in cell membranes.
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| glottis | Slit-like opening between the vocal folds of the larynx.
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| hemoptysis | Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract.
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| hemothorax | Blood in the chest (pleural cavity) surrounding the lungs.
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| hilar | Pertaining to the hilum.
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| hilum of the lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
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| hydrothorax | Water or fluid that accumulates in the pleural space surrounding the lungs.
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| hypercapnia | Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
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| hyperpnea | Increase in breathing rate.
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| hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen in tissues.
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| inspiration | Act of breathing in or inhalation
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| laryngeal | Pertaining to the larynx or voice box.
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| laryngitis | Inflammation of the larynx or voice box.
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| laryngoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the larynx.
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| laryngospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding the voice box.
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| larynx | Voice box, located at the upper region of the trachea.
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| lobectomy | Removal of a lobe or section of an organ, such as the lung.
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| lung biopsy | Surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination of cells.
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| lung cancer | Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchial tubes.
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| magnetic resonance imaging of the chest | Magnetic waves create images of the chest in all three planes of the body.
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| mediastinoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum.
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| mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity.
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| mesothelioma | Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure.
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| nares | Passageways through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.
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| nasogastric intubation | Placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach.
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| obstructive lung disease | Narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing. Examples are asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis.
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| orthopnea | Breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position.
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| oxygen | Gas inhaled and entering the bloodstream through the lungs.
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| palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth (oral pharynx).
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| palliative | Relieving, but not curing an illness.
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| paranasal sinus | One of a pair of air cavities in the bones near the nose.
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| parietal pleura | Outer layer of the pleura lying closest to the chest wall.
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| paroxysmal | Pertaining to a sudden occurrence.
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| percussion | Tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure.
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| pertussis | Whooping cough; bacterial infection of the throat, larynx, and trachea.
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| pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat or pharynx.
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| pharynx | Throat, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
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| phrenic nerve | Carries impulses to the diaphragm from the brain.
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| pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.
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| pleural cavity | Space between the pleura surrounding each lung.
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| pleural effusion | Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.
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| pleural rub | Scratchy sound produced by inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
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| pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis.
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| pleurodynia | Pain associated with the pleura.
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| pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of collection of dust particles in the lungs.
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| pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung.
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| pneumonia | Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli, which fill with pus, and products of inflammation.
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| pneumothorax | Presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity causing the lung to collapse.
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| positron emission tomography of the lung | Radioactive substance is injected into a patient and the images reveal the metabolic activity in the lung for diagnosis of malignant tumors.
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| pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs.
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| pulmonary abscess | Collection of pus in the lungs.
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| pulmonary angiography | X-ray recording of lung blood vessels after injecting contrast into the pulmonary artery.
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| pulmonary edema | Collection fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles of the lung.
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| pulmonary embolism | Clot or material from a distant vein that blocks a blood vessel in the lung.
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| pulmonary fibrosis | Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lung.
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| pulmonary function test | Tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lung.
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| pulmonary infarction | Area of dead tissue in the lung.
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| pulmonary parenchyma | Essential parts of the lungs responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
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| purulent | Pus-filled.
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| pyothorax | Pus collection in the pleural cavity.
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| rale | Abnormal, fine, crackling sound heard on auscultation when there is a fluid in the alveoli.
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| respiration | Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration).
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| restrictive lung disease | A condition in which lung expansion is limited by diseases that affect the chest wall, pleura or lung tissue itself. Examples are pulmonary fibrosis, radiation damage, and pneumoconiosis.
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| rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose.
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| rhinorrhea | Discharge of mucus from the nose.
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| rhonchus (rhonchi) | Loud, rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi that are obstructed by sputum.
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| sarcoidosis | Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
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| silicosis | Silica glass dust collects in the lungs; a type of pneumoconiosis.
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| sinusitis | Inflammation of paranasal sinuses.
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| spirometer | An instrument to measure breathing.
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| sputum | Material expelled from the chest by coughing or by clearing the throat; phlegm.
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| sputum culture | Sputum is collected and placed in a growth medium to analyze the type of microorganisms that may be present.
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| stridor | Strained, high-pitched noisy breathing associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea.
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| thoracentesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.
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| thoracic | Pertaining to the chest.
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| thoracoscopy | Endoscopic visualization of the chest.
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| thoracotomy | Incision of the chest.
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| tonsillectomy | Removal of tonsils.
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| trachea | Windpipe.
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| tracheal stenosis | Narrowing of the trachea.
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| tracheostomy | New opening of the trachea to the outside of the body.
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| tube thoracostomy | Chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion.
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| tuberculin test | Determines past or present exposure to tuberculosis based on a positive skin test.
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| tuberculosis | Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lungs are usually involved but other organs may be affected.
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| ventilation-perfusion scan | A detection device records radioactivity after an injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas.
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| visceral pleura | Innermost membrane of the pleura, lying closest to the lung tissue itself.
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| wheeze | Continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration.
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