LOM Ch 5 - Digestive System
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| perianal | Pertaining to surrounding the anus
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| appendectomy | Removal (resection) of the appendix
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| appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix
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| buccal mucosa | The mucous membrane (mucosa) lining of the cheek
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| cecal | Pertaining to the cecum
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| celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen
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| cheliosis | Abnormal condition of the lip
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| cholecystectomy | Removal of the gallbladder
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| choledochotomy | Incision of the common bile duct
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| colostomy | New opening of the colon to the outside of the body
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| colonic | pertaining to the colon
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| colonoscopy | Process of visual examination of the colon
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| dentibuccal | pertaining to the tooth and cheek
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| duodenal | Pertaining to the duodemum (first part of the small intestine)
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| enterocolitis | Inflammation of the small and large intestines
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| enterocolostomy | New opening between the small and large intestines (literally, the middle of the intestines)
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| parenteral | Pertaining to apart from the intestines (refers to delivery of substances anyway other than through the digestive tract)
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| esophageal | Pertaining to the esophagus
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| facial | pertaining to the face
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| gastrostomy | New opening of the stomach to the outside of the body; this may be necessary to introduce food into the stomach
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| gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums
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| hypoglossal | Pertaining to underneath the tongue
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| ileostomy | New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body
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| choledochojejunostomy | Term used for surgical anastomosis (create of a new opening) between the common bile duct and the jejunum.
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| gastrojejunostomy | Term for a new opening between the stomach the jejunum (a new opening is surgically created through a procedure called anastomosis).
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| labial | Pertaining to the lip
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| laparoscopy | Visual examination of the stomach
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| sublingual | Pertaining to under the tongue submandibular
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| orthodontist | Dentist specializing in straightening teeth
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| periodontist | Dentist specializing in gums endodontist (root canal specialist)
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| oral | Pertaining to the mouth
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| pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum
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| pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat
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| pyloroplasty | Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter
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| rectocele | Hernia of the rectum sialadentitis
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| sigmoidoscopy | Visual examination of the sigmoid
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| stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth
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| amylase | Enzyme that digests starch
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| biliary | Pertaining to bile
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| hyperbilirubinemia | High levels of bilirubin (yellow/orange pigment) in the bloodstream - the cause of jaundice (icterus).
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| cholelithhaisis | Abnormal condition of gall stones
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| achlorhydria | Lack of hydrochloric acid
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| hyperglycemia | High blood sugar
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| gycogenolysis | Breakdown of glycogen to form sugar (glucose)
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| lipoma | Tumor of fat (benign) cholecystolithiasis
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| protease | Enzyme that digests protein
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| sialolith | salivary (gland) stone
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| steatorrhea | Discharge of fats (in feces)
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| choledocholithiasis | Condition of stones in the common bile duct
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| postprandial | Pertaining to after meals
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| absorption | Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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| amino acids | Small building blocks of protein (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested.
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| anastomosis | The surgical creation of a new opening between two tubular organs. (intestinal segments, blood vessels, fallopian tube)
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| anus | Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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| appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum. Located in the Right Lower quadrent of the abdoman
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| bile | Digestive juce made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. it breaks up large fat gobules
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| bilirubin | Pigment released by the liver with bile
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| bowel | Intestine
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| canine teeth | pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors
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| cecum | First part of the large intestine
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| colon | Large intestine
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| common bile duct | Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
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| defecation | Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
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| deglutition | Swallowing
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| dentin | The main substance of the tooth (yellow and composed of bony tissue) that lies beneath the hard, outermost layer.
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| digestion | Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
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| duodenum | First part of the small intestine
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| elimination | Act of removal of materials from the body.
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| emulsification | The physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
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| enamel | Hard outermost layer of a tooth
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| endodontist | performs root canal therapy
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| enteroenterostomy | New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine
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| enzyme | A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
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| esophagus | Tube connecting the throat tot he stomach
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| fatty acids | Substances produced when fatss are digested
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| feces | Solid waste; stool
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| gallbladder | Small sac under the liver, stores bile
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| gastrointestinal tract | the digestive tract; starts at the mouth and ends at the anus
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| gastrojejunostomy | part of teh gastric bypass procedure
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| gluconeogenesis | Process used by the liver to produce new sugar from proteins and fats when the body is in need.
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| glucose | Simple sugar
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| glycogen | Starch, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells
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| hepatoma or hepatocellular carcinoma | Cancer that starts in the liver
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| hydrochloric acid | Substances produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
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| ileitis | Inflammation of the ileum, a portion of the small intestine
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| ileum | Third part of the small intestine
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| incisor | One of four front teeth in the dental arch
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| insulin | Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas
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| jejunum | Second part of the small intestine
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| lipase | Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fat
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| liver | Secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. Located in the RUQ of the abdomen
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| lower esophageal sphincter | Ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach
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| mastication | Chewing
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| mesentery | A membrane that is part of the double fold of peritoneum (that stretches around the organs in the abdomen) - this lies in the middle of the intestines; holds intestines together and attaches them to the dorsal (back) body wall.
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| molar teeth | The sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of teh dental arch
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| palate | Roof of the mouth - the hard palate forms the anterior portion - soft palate is the muscular posterior portion
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| palatoplasty | Procedure to repair cleft palate and cleft lip: repair of the cleft palate.
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| pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes
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| papillae | Small elevations on the tongue
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| parotid gland | Salivary gland within the check, just anterior to the ear
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| peristalsis | Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
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| pharynx | Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
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| portal vein | Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
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| premolar teeth | Fourth and fifth teeth, before the molars
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| proctologist | One who specializes with the branch of medicine that deals with the anus and rectum
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| pulp | Soft tissue within the teeth, containing nerves and blood vessels
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| pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle at the end of teh stomach, near the duodenum.
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| pylorus | Distal region of the stomach, opening of the duodenum
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| rectum | Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
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| rugae | Irregular ridges (folds & creases)on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
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| saliva | Digestive juice produced by the salivary glands
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| salivary glands | Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
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| sigmoid colon | Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
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| sphincter | Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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| triglycerides | Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
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| uvula | Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
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| villi | microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
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| achalasia | Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
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| anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like pasageway near the anus
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| anorexia | lack of appetite
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| aphthous stomatitis | inflamation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers (sores)
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| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the Gastrointestinal tract
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| cholelithiasis | The abnormal condition in which stones are present in the gallbladder
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| cirrhosis | chronic degenerative disease of the liver - may be associated with alcoholism
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| colonic polyps | benign growths protruding from the mucous membrane of the colon
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| colorectal cancer | adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
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| constipation | Difficulty in passing stools
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| Crohns disease | Chronic inflamation of the intestinal tract
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| dental caries | Tooth decay
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| diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
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| diverticulitis | when fecal matter becomes trapped in diverticula
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| diverticulosis | Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall
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| dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
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| dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing
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| eructation | Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
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| esophageal cancer | Malignant tumor of the esophagus
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| esophageal varices | Swollen, tortuous (twisted) veins at the lower end of the esophagus
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| etiology | Cause of an illness
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| flatus | Gas expelled thru the anus
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| gastric cancer | Malignant tumor of the stomach
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
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| hematochezia | Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
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| hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
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| hepatic stomatitis | Inflamation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
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| hiatal hernia | Upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm
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| idiopathic | cause of illness is unknown
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| ileus | Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
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| inflammatory bowel disease | Chronic inflammation of all or part of your digestive tract: both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's are considered inflammatory bowel disease.
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| inguinal hernia | small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal muscle (groin area)
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| intussuception | Telescoping of the intestines
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| irritable bowel syndrome | Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension that leads to abdominal pain and cramping, changes in bowel movements.
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| jaundice | Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia); also referred to as icterus
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| melena | Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
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| nausea | Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit.
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| oral leukoplakia | White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.
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| pancreatic cancer | Malignant tumor of the pancreas
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| pancreatitis | Inflamation of the pancreas
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| peptic ulcer | Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
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| peridontal disease | Inflamation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
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| ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
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| viral hepatitis | Inflamation of the liver caused by a virus (Hepatitis A, B, or C)
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| steatorrhea | Discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter
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| omentum | A part of the mesentery - hangs down like an apron over the intestines.
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| sign | An objective finding - such as increase in body temperature, rash, sound heard on listening to the chest - signs can be perceived by the examiner.
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| symptom | A subjective sensation or change in health - such as itching, pain, fatique, or nausea - as experienced by the patient (cannot be verified
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