Urinary System Ch6 Terminology
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| Functions of the urinary system: | -cleans the blood
-regulates blood pressure
-maintains homeostasis
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| The act of releasing urine is called: | -urination
-micturition
-voiding
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| Average person urinates ... | 5 times a day and usually 1.5 liters
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| Kidneys | (nephr/o), (ren/o)
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| Ureters | (ureter/o)
move urine from kidneys to bladder
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| Bladder | (cyst/o) (vesic/o)
sac that stores urine until it is excreted
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| Trigone | (trigon/o)
triangular area in the bladder between the ureter's entrance and the urethral outlet
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| Urethra | (urethr/o)
tube that conducts urine out of the body
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| Urinary meatus | (meat/o)
opening in the urethra
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| Kidneys located: | retroperitoneal
-behind the lining of the abdominal cavity
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| Size of kidney is: | size of your fist
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| Cortex | (cortic/o)
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| Medulla | (medull/o)
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| Renal pelvis | (pyel/o)
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| Calyx/calix | (calic/o)
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| Hilum | (hil/o)
-ureter, renal vein and artery enter the kidney
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| Albuminuria * | albumin in the urine
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| Bacteriuria * | bacteria in the urine
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| Glycosuria * | sugar in the urine
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| Hematuria * | blood in the urine
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| Pyuria * | pus in the urine
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| Pyopyelectasis | a dilation of the renal pelvis caused by an accumulation of pus
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| Anuria * | no urine
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| Dysuria * | painful urination
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| Nocturia * | excessive urination at night
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| Oliguria * | scanty urination
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| Polyuria * | excessive urination
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| Enuresis | bed wetting
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| Polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| Incontinence | inability to hold urine
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| Retention | inability to release urine
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| Urgency | intense sensation of the need to urinate immediately
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| Polycystic kidney disease | -inherited
-bilateral
-enlargement due to cysts
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| Renal colic | severe pain associated with kidney stones lodged in the ureter
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| Urolithiasis | (urinary calculi)
stones anywhere in the urinary tract
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| Nephrolithiasis | (kidney stones)
stones in the kidney
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| Nephropathy | disease of the kidney
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| Renal sclerosis | (nephrosclerosis)
hardening of the arteries of the kidneys
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| Nephroptosis | prolapse or sagging of the kidney
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| Nephritis | inflammation of the kidney
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| Pyelonephritis | infection/inflammation of the renal pelvis of the kidney
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| hydronephrosis | -dilation of renal pelvis and calices
-caused by obstruction
-can cause renal failure
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| ARF | Acute renal failure
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| CKD | Chronic kidney disease
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| Cystitis | inflammation of the bladder
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| Cystocele | herniation of the bladder
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| Urethritis | inflammation of the urethra
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| Urethral stenosis | (urethral stricture)
narrowing of the urethra
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| Ureterocele | prolapse of the terminal end of the ureter into the bladder
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| Vesicoureteral reflux | abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to ureter
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| Renal cell carcinoma | hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma of the kidney
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| Nephroblastoma | (Wilms tumor)
cancerous tumors of the kidney, usually discovered around child's 3rd birthday
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| UA | urinalysis
-a physical, chemical and/or microscopic examination of the urine
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| BUN | blood, urea, nitrogen
-increased level is an indicator of kidney dysfunction
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| GFR | glomerular filtration rate
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| IVU or IVP | intravenous urography or intravenous pyelography
-radiographic (x-ray) imaging of the kidney, ureters and bladder WITH a contrast medium
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| KUB | kidneys, ureters and bladder
-imaging of the kidney, ureters and bladder WITHOUT a contrast medium
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| Cystoscopy | visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cytoscope
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| Cystourethroscopy | visual examination of the urinary bladder and urethra using a cytoscope
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| Catheter | hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ or cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluid
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| Stent | tubular device for supporting hollow structures during surgical anastomosis or for holding arteries open after angioplasty
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| Laparoscope | visualize peritoneal (abdominal cavity)
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| Cytoscope | visualize bladder
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| Nephroscope | visualize kidney
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| Lithotrite | used to crush a calculus (stone) in the bladder
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| Lithotripter | machine used to crush stones
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| Urinometer | used to measure urine output
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| Transurethral procedures * | any procedure conducted through the urethra
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| Urethrolysis * | destruction of adhesions of the urethra
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| Vesicotomy * | incision of the bladder
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| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
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| Nephrolithotomy | incision of the kidney to remove a kidney stone
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| Nephrotomy | incision into the kidney
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| Nephrostomy | opening made into the kidney so that a catheter can be placed
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| Nephrectomy | resection (removal) of kidney
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| Nephropexy | suspension or fixation of kidney
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| CAPD | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
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| GU | genitourinary
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| ESRD | end stage renal disease
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| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate
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| TURBT | transurethral resection of the bladder tumor
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| Na | sodium
(natr/o)
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| Cl | chloride
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| EUA | exam under anesthesia
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| K | potassium
(kal/i)
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| Poly- | profuse, excessive
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| Dys- | painful, abnormal
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| Di- | through, complete
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| -cele | herniation
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| -dipsia | thirst
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| -pexy | fixation, suspension
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| -ptosis | drooping; prolapse
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| azot/o | nitrogen
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| cyst/o | bladder; cyst; sac
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| gluc/o, glyc/o | sweet; sugar
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| lith/o | stone
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| ren/o | kidney
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| vesic/o | bladder
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| olig/o | scanty; few
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| DI Diabetes insipidus | deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, causes polyuria and polydipsia
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| DM Diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease caused by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin
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| Acidifiers | drugs that DECREASE the pH of the urine to help prevent kidney stones
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| Alkalinizers | drugs that INCREASE the pH of the urine to treat acidosis or promote excretion of some drugs and toxins
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| Anticholinergics | drugs that help control urinary incontinence by blocking nerves that control bladder and sphincter muscles
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| Antidiuretics | drugs that suppress the urine formation
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| Antiinfectives | drugs that fight infection in the urinary system
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| Antispasmodics | drugs that help prevent muscle spasms in the bladder in the treatment of incontinence
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| Diuretics | drugs that increase the formation of urine by promoting excretion of water and sodium
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