Integumentary System Ch4 Terminology
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| Prefixes: Anti- | against
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| Prefixes: Epi- | top
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| Prefixes: Hyper- | excessive;above
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| Prefixes: Intra- | inside;within
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| Prefixes: Sub- | under
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| Prefixes: Trans- | through
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| Suffixes: -ectomy | removal;excision
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| Suffixes: -itis | inflammation
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| Suffixes: -oma | tumor;mass
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| Suffixes: -osis | abnormal condition
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| Suffixes: -plasty | surgical repair
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| Suffixes: -ule | small;diminutive
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| Combining forms: cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o | skin
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| Combining forms: follicul/o | follicle
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| Combining forms: hidr/o | sweat
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| Combining forms: kerat/o | hard;horny
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| Combining forms: myc/o | fungus
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| Combining forms: onych/o, ungu/o | nail
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| Combining forms: seb/o | subum,oil
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| Combining forms: trich/o | hair
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| Combining forms: aden/o | gland
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| Combining forms: hidraden/o | sudoriferous gland
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| Layers of the Skin... | (strata)
-Epidermis (outer layer-avascular)
-Dermis/corium (inner layer)
-Hypodermis/subcutaneous layer (layer of connective tissue mainly adipose/fat)
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| Composition of epidermis... | Stratified squamous (squam/o) epithelium
-Basal (bas/o)layer: stratum germinativum
-Stratum comeum (come/o)
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| Epidermis: Keratinocytes | Keratin
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| Epidermis: Melanocytes | Melanin (pigment produced to protect from uv light)
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| Dermis composed of... | vascular connective tissue
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| Structures of dermis: | -blood and lyphatic vessels
-nerves
-hair follicles
-sebaceous (oil that helps to lubricate hair)
-sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
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| Hair structure: | Follicles
-shaft
-papilla
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| Nail structures: | -Nail body
-Nail root
-Nail bed
-Lunula (white 'half moon' at base of nail)
-Eponychium (cuticle)
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| Primary lesion | early skin changes that have not yet undergone natural evolution of change caused by manipulation
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| Secondary lesion | result of natural evolution or manipulation of a primary lesion
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| Primary lesions: Cysts | nodule filled with a semisolid material
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| Primary lesions: Nodules | palpable, solid lesion, LESS than 2 cm
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| Primary lesions: Tumors | nodule MORE than 2 cm
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| Primary lesions: Hematomas | blood trapped in the tissue and palpable to the exterior
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| Primary lesions: Petechia | tiny bruises within the dermal layer
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| Primary lesions: Ecchymosis | hemorrhage or extravasation (leaking) of blood into the subcutaneous tissue (BRUISE)
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| Primary lesions: Purpura | massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin
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| Primary lesions: Macules | flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, portwine stain or tattoo
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| Primary lesions: Papules | raised solid skin lesion less than 1 cm such as a pimple
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| Primary lesions: Wheals | elevated papule caused by localized swelling, which can result from a bug bite or allergic reactions (urticaria or hives)
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| Primary lesions: Vesicles/bullae | blister,bulla
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| Primary lesions: Pustules | superficial elevated lesion containing of an infection such as acne
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| Secondary lesions: Atrophy | wasted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks from rapid weight gain
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| Secondary lesions: Cicatrix | scar
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| Secondary lesions: Keloid | scar that is an overgrowth of tissue at the site of injury
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| Secondary lesions: Eschar | scab
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| Secondary lesions: Fissure | cracklike lesion of the skin such as an anal fissure
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| Secondary lesions: Ulcer | craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis (tissue death)
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| Pruritus | itch
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| Suffixes: -rrheic | pertaining to discharge
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| Candidiasis | yeast infection
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| Dermatomycoses | fungal infection of the skin
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| Tinea | capitis-scalp
corporis-ringworm
cruris-jock itch
pedis-athlete's foot
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| Pediculosis | head lice
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| Scabies | parasitic infestation caused by mites
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| Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | HSV-1: cold sores
HSV-2: genital herpes
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| Herpes zoster | shingles
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| Alopecia | hair loss;balding
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| Hypertrichosis | excess of hair
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| Verruca | warts
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| Ichthyosis | dry skin that has the scaly appearance of a fish (Xeroderma)
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| Xer/o | dry
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| Albinism | lack of melaninproduction
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| Vitiligo | irregular patches of various sizes lacking pigment
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| Chrom/o | color
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| Anhidrosis | little or no sweat
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| Hidradenitis | inflammation of the sweat glands
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| Hyperhidrosis | excessive perspiration
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| Miliaria | minute vesicles and papules often with surrounding erythema (redness of the skin)caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity
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| Onychia (Onychitis) | inflammation of fingernail
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| Onychocryptosis | ingrown toenail
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| Onychomycosis | nail fungus
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| Degrees of burns | First - epidermis (superficial thickness)
Second- epidermis and part of dermis (partial thickness)
Third- epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous (full thickness)
Fourth- beyond into the muscle and bone (deep full thickness)
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| Rule of nines | Head and Neck - 9%
Arms, hands, shoulders - 18%
Front and back torso - 36%
Genital area - 1%
Each lower limb - 9%
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| Angioma | Hemangioma - localized vascular lesion
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| Lipoma | fatty tumor that is a soft movable, subcutaneous nodule
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| Nevus | Mole
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| Acrochorons | skin tags
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| Dysplastic = ABCD | A-asymmetry
B-Borders,irregular
C-Colors,changes or uneven pigmentation
D-Diameter, increasing size or >6 mm
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| Malignant Neoplasms: Basal cell carcinoma (BCCA) | most common form of skin cancer (result from sun exposure)
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| Malignant Neoplasms: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) | second most common skin cancer (sun exposure but grows slower)
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| Malignant Neoplasms: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) | rare form of skin cancer that takes the form of red//blue/brown/purple nodules, usually on the extremeties (AIDS pts)
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| Excisional biopsy | entire tumor removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment
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| Exfoliation | scraping or shaving off
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| Incisional biopsy | cutting into;excise a wedge of tissue
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| Needle aspiration | aspiration of fluid from lesions using a syringe
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| Punch biopsy | punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue; tissue is cut off at the base
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| Dermatome | instrument used to remove split-skin grafts
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| Autograft | self
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| Allograft | donor
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| Xenograft | animal
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| Flap graft | section of skin transferred from one location to an immediately adjacent one. (skin graft)
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| Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) | skin graft in which the epidermis and parts of the dermis are used
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| Full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) | free skin graft in which full portions of both the epidermis and the dermis are used
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| Cauterization | destruction of tissue by burning with heat
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| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue through use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen
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| Curettage | scraping of material from wall of a cavity or other surface to obtain tissue for microscopic examination
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| Debridement | first step in wound treatment, involving removal of dirt, FB, damaged tissue and cellular debris from the wound or burn to prevent infection and to promote healing
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| Escharotomy | surgical incision into necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn
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| Incision & Drainage | cutting open and removing the contents of a wound, cyst or other lesion
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| Blepharaoplasty | surgical repair of the eyelid
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| Dermabrasion | surgical procedure to resurface the skin; used to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles and tattoos
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| Dermatoplaty | transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation or disease
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| Lipectomy | removal of fatty tissue
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| Liposuction | technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device
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| Rhytidectomy | (face lift)
surgical operation to remove wrinkle
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| Routes of Administration: Hypodermic (H) | under the skin
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| Routes of Administration: Intradermal (ID) | within the dermis
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| Routes of Administration: Subcutaneous | injection into the fat layer beneath the skin
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| Routes of Administration: Topical | drug applied directly onto the skin as a cream, gel, lotion or ointment
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| Transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) | transdermal patch (nitroglycerin for angina)
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| Pharmacology: Anesthetics | reduce pain and discomfort (lidocaine and solarcaine)
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| Pharmacology: Antibacterials | prevent and treat bacterial growth
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| Pharmacology: Antifungals | attack fungi
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| Pharmacology: Antihistamines | lessen itching by reducing allergic response
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| Pharmacology: Antiinflammatories | reduce inflammation and pain
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| Pharmacology: Antipsoriatics | specifically treat psoriasis
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| Pharmacology: Antiseptics | prevent infection by destroying microbials
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| Pharmacology: Antivirals | lessen effect of viruses
(valtrex and zovirax)
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| Pharmacology: Emollients | soften the skin
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| Pharmacology: Immunomodulators/immunosuppressants | suppress immune system
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| Pharmacology: Keratolytics | break down hardened skin and shed top layer of dead skin to treat warts, calluses, corns, acne, rosacea and psoriasis
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| Pharmacology: Pediculicides | destroy lice
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| Pharmacology: Protectives | sun protection factors
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| Pharmacology: Retinoids | derived from vitamin Alters growth of top layer of skin
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| Pharmacology: Scabicides | destroy mites and scabies
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| Aloe vera used to treat... | sunburn and stomach ulcers
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| Tea Tree Oil used to treat... | boils, wound infections, acne
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| Prefixes: Tel/e | distant
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| Combining forms: Top/o | place
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| Combining forms: Crur/o | leg
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| Combining forms: Squam/o | scaly
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| Combining forms: Occlus/o | to close
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