Review of integumentary system
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| Keratinocytes | majority puoduce keratin (fibrous protien), joined by desmosomes, stratum basale, live 25-45 days
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| Melanocytes | make melanin, stratum basale, melanin granules eventually sent to keratinocytes
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| Merkel cells | occasional, associated w/ sensory nerve endings for touch
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| Langerhans' cells | macrophages, stratum spinosum
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| Stratum corneum | cornified layer, composed of flattened thick keratinized cells that protect against abrasion/penetration but constantly exfoliate, dead cells
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| Stratum spinosum | Spiny layer, containing many keratin fibers and desmosomes, resists tension
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| Stratum basale | constant mitosis replaces epidermis from basal layer
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| Stratum granulosum | keratin forming granules, lamellated granules, cells beginning to flatten and membrane thickens
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| What is thick skin? | skin of palms, soles, and fingertips. Has an extra layer under corneum: stratum lucidum
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| What are the layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep, thin skin) | stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
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| Apoptosis | normally cells of trans/intermed. layers of epidermis go through this, resulting in protective layer of flattened dead cells of cornified layer
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| Squamous cell carcinoma | cancer occuring in keratinocytes of intermediate or transitional layers of the epidermis
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| Basal cell carcinoma | abnormal growth of basal cells
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| Melanoma | cancer of melanocytes and is most dangerous bc often metastizes to other tissues/organs
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| Dermis type of tissue | dense connective tissue
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| Dermis common cells | fibroblasts, macrophages, some mast cells and WBC
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| Dermis semi fluid matrix | collagen, elastin, reticular fibers
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| Dermis layers | 2 layers: Papillary (areolar connective tissue) and Reticular layer (dense, irregular conn tissue)
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| Papillary layer | thin, dermal papillae(upper edges) , dermal ridges (form fingerprints)
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| Reticular layer | cleavage lines (affect incision gapes), flexure lines (folds around joints)
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| Eccrine glands | most common, important for thermoregulation, acidic, sweat mostly water
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| Apocrine glands | dont secrete anything till puberty, sweat, fat , and protiens, pheromones
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| Ceruminous glands | modified apocrine gland, earwax
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| Mammary gland | specialized sweat gland, secretes milk
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| Sebaceous glands | secretes sebum, softens and lubricates hair and skin, simple holocrine gland
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| Things involved in touch feeling in skin | merkel cells, root hair plexus, meissners corpuscle, pacinian corpuscles, free nerve endings
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| arrector pili function | raises skin in goosbumps to produce insulating layer of air
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| Hair follicle layers from middle to outside | medulla, cortex, sheath. hair papilla protrudes up into hair root, then matrix (for growth) on top of that
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| Nails | composed of hard keratin, growth similar to hair
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