Presentation 6 and 7
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| True or False: a small cell has a smaller ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape | FALSE: a small cell has a greater ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape.
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| what are the two major kinds of cells | prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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| what kinds of cells compose bacteria and archaea | prokaryotes
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| 3 shapes of prokaryotes | rod, spiral, and spherical
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| what do prokaryotes lack? | nucleus and organelles
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| what is the plasma membrane made up of? | phospholipids and proteins
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| what do the membrane do? | control the flow of substances into and out of a cell
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| what are two main types of membrane proteins? | cell-surface proteins and transmembrane proteins
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| nucleus | cell's control center; largest organelle; separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope; contain DNA;
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| where is messenger RNA (mRNA) made? | nucleus
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| Where is Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) made? | nucleolus
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| what are ribosomes made of? | ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein
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| free ribosomes | make protein in the cytosol; mitochondrial proteins
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| bound ribosomes | make membrane-inserted or membrane-surrounded proteins in the rough ER
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| main organelles | endoplasmic reticulum; golgi complex; lysosomes; peroxisomes
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| Rought ER (RER) | has ribosomes; involve in protein synthesis; also makes membranes
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| Smooth ER (SER) | no ribosomes; embedded with enzymes; involved in lipid and carbohydrates synthesis
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| what do SER do in liver cells? | regulates carbohydrate metabolism and breaks down toxin and drugs
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| what do SER do in muscle cells | stores calcium needed for muscle contraction
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| function of the golgi complex | finishes, sorts, and then ships cell product to other organelles or to the plasma membrane for secretion
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| function of lysosomes | break down macromolecules
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| what do lysosomes digest? | substances taken into cells, worn-out cellular components
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| Function of peroxisomes | peroxisomes have enzymes that detoxifies various harmful molecules
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| True of false: missing just one type of lysosomal enzyme is okay. | FALSE; can be fatal (Tay-Sachs and Pompe disease)
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| vacuoles function in protist? | pump excess water
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| vacuoles function in plants | store dissolved substances, increase cell's surface area
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