Presentation 5
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| lipids | nonpolar, insoluble in water, hydrocarbons, have 3 types
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| 3 types of lipid | fats, phospholipids, steroids
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| fats | energy storage molecules
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| phospholipids | component of cell membranes
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| steroids | hormones
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| saturated | hard fat (most animal fats), single bonds betwn carbon pairs, solid at room temp.
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| unsaturated | oil (most plant fats), double bonds betwn one or more pairs of carbon atoms, liquid at room temp.
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| monounsaturated | fats have one double bond in the fatty acid chains. Olive, peanut, canola oil
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| polyunsaturated | fats have two or more double bonds in their fatty acid chains. Corn, soy bean, sunflower
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| trans fat | partially hydrogenated
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| essential fatty acids | linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid
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| phospholipids | modified fat, replaced by a phosphate and a small polar functional group
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| what do phospholipid form in water? | a lipid bilayer; hydrophobic tails attract each other and the heads face outward
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| steroids | composed of 4 carbon rings; examples Cholesterol and sex hormones
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| amino acids | monomer subunits that makes up proteins
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| peptide bonds | link amino acids monomers together
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| polypeptide (protein) | macromolecule that's made of amino acid linked by peptide bonds
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| protein structure is determined by what? | the sequence of its amino acids
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| are enzymes protein? Are protein enzymes? | enzymes are protein, but not all protein are enzymes
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| what serves as blueprints for proteins? | DNA and RNA
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| nucleotides | long polymers of repeating monomer subunits
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| 3 parts of nucleotides | phosphate, five-carbon sugar, nitrogen-containing base
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| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Sugar? Bases? How many strand? | Sugar = deoxyribose; Bases = A-G, C-T; doubl stranded
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| RNA (ribonucleic acid): Sugar? Bases? how many strand? | Sugar = Ribose; bases = A-G, C-U; single stranded
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| genes | stretches of a DNA molecule; program the amino acid sequences of proteins
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| Common features of life | all form of life are: made of cells; have carbo, lipids, and proteins; have DNA; each species of its own DNA sequence
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