Chem Chapter 4
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| Discovered radioactivity, which occurred when he found that the element uranium (in a sample of pitchblende) emitted invisible rays that could darken a photographic plate | Henri Becqueral
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| Found that atoms consist mostly of empty space and have a small nucleus | Lord Rutherford
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| Found that rays are given off by uranium and radium | Marie Curie
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| Discovered transuranium elements and patented berkelium and californium | Seaborg
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| Discovered x-rays | Roentgen
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| A change in which one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances | Chemical reactions
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| A reastion, as in fission, fusion, or radioactive decay, that alters the energy, composition, or structure of an atomic nucleus | Nuclear reactions
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| Particles that make up the atomic nucleus | Nucleon
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| Particular kind of atom containing a definite number of protons and neutrons | Nuclide
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| The changing of one element into another | Transmutation
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| A reaction that changes the number of protons in the nucleus, an atom w/ a new atomic # is obtained | Induced transmutation
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| Members of the actinide series | Transuranium elements
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| Breaking apart of an unstable nucleus into two roughly equal parts | Fission
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| When two or more small nuclei melt together to form one larger nucleus | Fusion
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| Do nuclear reactors use fission or fusion to generate energy? | Fission, because an atom needs to be split in order to generate energy
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| The length of time it takes for one-half of the atoms to disintegrate | Half-life
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| What most likely makes a nucleus more stable and less likely to decay? | Even number of protons and neutrons and not too'big'
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| Compare and contrast alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma radiation in terms of composition, energy, mass, and penetrating ability | Alpha particles - helium nucleus consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, low energy, roughly 4.0015 amu, low penetrating ability
Beta particles - high-speed electron, high energy, light mass, greater penetrating ability
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| Compare and contrast alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma radiation in terms of composition, energy, mass, and penetrating ability (cont'd) | Gamma rays - high-speed electron, very high energy, lightest mass, and greatest penetrating ability
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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