Day 15.2
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| MC nephrotic syndrome in children | Minimal change disease
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| IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: diffuse capillary thickening | membranous glomerulonephritis
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| IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: hypercellular glomeruli | acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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| IF: linear pattern of immune complex deposition | Goodpasture's
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| IF: deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 in the mesangium | IgA nephropathy
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| Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions (nodular glomerulosclerosis) | diabetic glomerulonephropathy
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| MC nephrotic syndrome in adults | Membranous glomerulonephritis
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| EM: loss of epithelial foot processes | minimal change disease
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| Nephrotic syndrome assoc'd with HepB | membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I
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| Nephrotic syndrome assoc'd with HIV | focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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| Anti-GBM antibodies, hematuria, hemoptysis | Goodpasture's
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| EM: subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance | membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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| Nephritis, cataracts, deafness | Alport syndrome
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| LM: crescent formation in the glomeruli | rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
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| LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis | focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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| purpura on back of arms and legs, abdominal pain, IgA nephropathy | Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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| LM: wire-loop appearance | diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to SLE
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| Apple-green birefringence with Congo-red stain under polarized light | amyloidosis
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| EM: spiking of the GBM due to electron dense subepithelial depositis | membranous glomerulonephritis
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| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: RBC cast | acute glomerulnephritis (#1), ischemia, or malignant HTN
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| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: WBC cast | acute pyelonephritis, tubulointerstitial inflammation, transplant rejection
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| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: bacterial cast | acute pyelonephritis
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| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: epithelial cell cast | renal tubular damage
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| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: waxy cast | advance renal disease/chronic renal failure
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| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: fatty cast | nephrotic syndrome
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| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: granular cast | acute tubular necrosis
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| Glomerular histology reveals multiple mesangial nodules. This lesion is indicative of what disease? | Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
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| A teenager presents with nephrotic syndrome and hearing loss. What is the disease? | Alport syndrome
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| A 4yo boy presents with facial edema and proteinuria. What is the appropriate treatment? | Steroids (he has minimal change disease)
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| UTI caused by proteus vulgaris. What type of renal stone is this pt at risk for? | Ammonium-Mg-P stone--> Staghorn calculi
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| A pt reports a long term h/o acetaminophen use. What is she at increased risk for? | Renal papillary necrosis secondary to phenacetin (toxic metabolite of acetaminophen)
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| What a prevents a horseshoe kidney from ascending in the abdomen? | inferior mesenteric a
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| Fever, rash, eosinophilia, and azotemia. What is the disease and what is the treatment? | Acute Interstitial Nephritis (usually drug-induced) rsulting in acute renal failure. Tx: 2 weeks of corticosteroids
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| 4+ blood in urine, no RBC on urine cell count, renal failure, elevated CPK. What is the disease? Give 3 common causes of this disease. | Acute tubular necrosis (ATN). 3 causes: drugs, radiograph contrast dye, and rhabdomyolysis/myoglobinuria (due to m breakdown from seizure disorder, cocaine, or crash injuries).
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| What is the WAGR complex? | Wilms' tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations, mental Retardation
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| What are the risk factors for transitional cell CA? | Phenacetin, Smoking, Aniline dyes, Cyclophosphamide (Pee SACk)
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| What are the causes of acidosis with an elevated anion gap? Hint: cows make this =) | MUDPILES: Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde and Phenformin, Isoniazid and Iron tablets, Lactic acidosis, Ethanol, Salicylates
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| What changes will be seen in a basic metabolic panel in a pt with renal failure? | increased K, increased P, increased BUN/Cr, and decreased Ca
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| A CT scan reveals massively enlarged kidneys bilaterally. What is the diagnosis? | Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
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| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: correcting too rapidly may result in central pontine myelinosis | hypOnatremia
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| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: peaked T waves | hyperkalemia
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| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: tetany | hypOcalcemia
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| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: arrhythmias | hyper and hypOkalemia, low Mg
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| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: decreased deep tendon reflexes | hypermagnesia
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| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: flattened T waves, U waves on EKG | hypOkalemia
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| MC tumor of the urinary tract system | transitional CA
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| MC renal malignancy of early childhood (2-4) | Wilms' tumor
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| Histologic appearance of renal cell carcinoma | polygonal clear cell CA
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| Histologic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis | thyroidization of kidneys, dilation of tubule
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| Fever + Rash + Hematuria + Eosinophilia | Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN)
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| Cancer assoc'd with Schistosoma haematobium | SCC of the bladder
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| Tx for cystine kidney stones | Alkanization of urine
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