Stack #63592
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| brownian motion | random high-speed movement of molecules due to their inherent energy (air)
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| Dyne | unit of measure for force and pressure
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| MKS system | meters kilo grams and seconds
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| cgs system | centimeters, grams and seconds
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| microbar | measurement of dynes per centimeter squared
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| newtons | unit of measure of force in the metric system
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| pascal | unit of measure of pressure in the metric system
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| flow | movement of air through a particulr area in a certain interval of time
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| volume velocity | the speed of volume of air traveling in a certain direction
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| driving pressure | difference between high-and low-pressure areas that causes air to flow between these areas.
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| laminar flow | air that flows smoothly , with molecules moving in a parallel manner and at the same spped
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| turbulent flow | occurs when an obstacle in the airs way disturbs the flow
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| volume | amount of space occupied in three dimentsions
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| density | amount of mass per unit of volume
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| boyle's law | as the volume of the enclosed space decreases, the pressure of the air increases, given a constant air temperature.
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| compression | displaced molecules pushing against their neighbors increasing the density of air creating an area of positive pressure
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| rarefaction | increased distance between molecules, decreased density of air, lower pressure
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| elasticity | a restoring force, refers to the property of an object to be able to spring back to its original size, form, location and shape
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| inertia | tendecy of matter to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by an outside force
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| hooke's law | the restoring force is proportional to the distance of displacement and acts in the opposite direction
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| amplitude | maximum distance away from rest position that the molecule is displaced, which is detemined by the amount of energy involved in the movement
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| damping | decrease of amplitude, occures due to friction and causes an object to vibrate with less amplitude
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| wave front | outermost area of the wave that is traveling spherically through the air
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| wavefrom | a graph with time along the hoizontal axis and amplitude alng the vertical axis that is used to represent pressure changes over time
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| frequency | the number of cycles per second at which objects or air vibrate
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| hertz | unit of measurement of frequency
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| period | the time that each cycle in a wave takes to occur
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| reciprocal | period and frequency
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| perodic wave | one in which each cycle takes the same amount of time to occur (could be a pitch on a musical scale)
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| aperiodic | individual cycles do not take the same anount of time to occur
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| wavelength | the distance covered by one complete cycle of pressure change, measurement of the travel of a sound wave.
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| incident wave | a sound wave that is generated, travels a certain distance and then hits up against a boundary
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| absorbtion | damping of a wave
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| reflection | a wave collides with a boundary that is hard and smooth, and travels in the opposite direction
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| interference | when two or more waves combine with eah over
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| constructive interference | results in increased amplitude
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| destuctive interference | decreases the amplitude of the wave
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| phase | relative timing of compression and rarefactions of waves
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| reverberation | when reflected sound waves extend the duration of an incident sound.
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| simple harmonic motion (SHM) | regular, smooth, back and forth movement with its characteristic pattern of accelerationthrough the rest position and deceleration at the endpoints of the movement
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| pure tone | a sound with only one frequency, generated by a source vibrating SHM
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| complex sound | contain two or more frequencies and may be periodic or aperiodic
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| periodic complex sound | consist of a series of frequencies that are systemaatically related to eah other.
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| fundamental frequency | the lowest frequency in a complex periodic sound
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| harmonics | higher frequencies in periodic complex sounds
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| fourier analysis | how harmonics in a complex peiodic sound can be identified
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| continuous aperiodic complex sound | prolonged (escaping steam)
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| transient aperiodic complex sound | brief in duration (person hitting hand on desk)
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| spectrum | a graph with frequency along the horizontal axis and amplitude along the vertical axis
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| continous spectrum | displays the frequency content of aperiodic sounds
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| line specturm | displays the frequency content of periodic sounds
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| sinusoid | smooth, varying shape wave form
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| spectrum | snapshot, no time involved
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| mels | measurement of pitch
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| frequency at which an object vibrates | depends on mass, length and tension
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| subsonic | frequencies below the range of human hearing
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| supersonic | frequencies above the range of human hearing
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| amplitude | the mount of motion of a vibrating object or the amount of pressure change generated by the motion of the object measured in microbar or micropascals
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| intensity | the power of sound measured in W/m2 the square of amplitiude
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| phon scale | the sacle that resulted form matching sounds of varying frequencies and intensities to the 100 Hz tone
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| decibel scale | logarithmic ratio scale that compares the amplitude and/or intensity of any sound to a standard reference sound
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| linear scale | ruler, thermometer distance between units indication equal increments
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| logarithmic scale | units that increase by greater and greater amounts. cannot be added or subtracted
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| ratio scale | reflects a relationship between quantities
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| threshold of hearing | indicates the softest sound of a particular frequency that a pair of normal human ears can hear 50 percent of the time under ideal listening conditions
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| 0 db | threshold of hearing
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| auditiory area | complete range of human hearing in terms of frequency and intensity bounded by the threshold of hearing and the threshold of pain
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| resonant frequency | the rate at which an object vibrates freely and depends on its physical characteristics
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| applied frequency | the wave that forces a resonator into vibration
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| mechanical resonator | thi actual object itself is set into vibration
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| axoustic resonator | a container filled with air (enormously important in speech production)
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| bandwidth of a resonator | the range of frequencies that it will transmit
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| sharply tuned resonator | a narrow bandwidth
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| broadly tuned resonator | will respons very quickly to the applied frequencies, but the vibrations will fade more quickly
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| cutoff frequency | the point at which a resonator becomes unresponsive to an applied frequency
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| resonance curve (transfer function) | a graph with frequency on the horizontal axis and realative amplitude on the vertical axis. depicts the repsons of a resonator to any applied frequency.
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| natural or center frequency | resonant frequency of a system that results in the greatest amplitude of vibration
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| attenuation rate | the rate at which the resonator's amplitude of response is attenuated.
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| low pass filter | passes acoustic energy below a specific upper cutoff frequency
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| high pass filter | transmits energy above a specific lower cutoff frequency
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Created by:
dbrinker