Someones Micro
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| 3 groups of microbes found as normal flora on the skin | diptheroids, Staphylococci, Fungi-Yeasts
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| Exfoliatin | toxin produced by S. aureus, seperates the skin, scalded skin syndrome
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| 2 species that cause impetigo | Streptococcus Pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus
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| Pyoderma | Pus and skin
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| potential complication of pyodermas caused by Streptococcus species | Glomerulonephritis
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| how long must the tick feed before Rickettsia rickettsii can be transmitted? | 4 to 10 hours
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| What disease does the species Rickettsia rickettsii cause | Rocky mountain spotted fever
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| zoonois | disease o animals that are transmitted to humans
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| What is the scientific name for the rash in lyme disease | erytherma migrans
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| What species causes Lyme disease? | Borrelia burgdorferi
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| What secondary complications are associated with Rubeola or measles? | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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| What is Rubella? | German Measles or 3 day measles
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| What are the symptoms for Rubella? | slight fever mild cold symptoms enlarged lymph nodes and faint rash
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| In what patient does Rubellas cause severe disease? | Pregnant women
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| Wounds that are relatively anaerobic, is this a dangerous aspect of wounds? | Yes, because it allows for colonization by dangerous anaerobic pathogens such as Clostridium tetni
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| What species is the leading cause of wound infections? | Staphylococcus
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| Waht species commonly infects intavenous devices? | Staphylococcus epidermdis
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| What protects S. epidermdis from attack by phagocytes? | Glycocalyx
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| What species causes Necrotizing fasciitis | Streptococcus pyogenes
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| How is Necrotizing fasciitis treated to prevent fatal complications? | Urgent surgery amputation
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| Why are antibacterial medications not effective for treating necrotizing fasciitis? | because of toxins
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| What types of wound infections are frequently associated with Pseudononas aeruginosa? | Nosocomial infections, burns, etc.
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| What are typical symptoms of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection? | a green color from pigment
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| Why is a pseudomonas aeruginosa infection hard to treat? | toxins and are usually resistant to antimicrobial medications
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| What is the treatment for tetanus? | anti-toxin treatment
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| What treatment is necessary fro gas gangrene | Prompt surgical removal of all dead and infected tissues
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| What is the epidemiology of sporotrichosis? | Worldwide, mostly warmer regions a disease of farmers carpenters green house workers, people who deal with plants, children who play in hay
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| How could normal flora be helpful to the host? | competes and fights off pathogens
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| What is the function of bacterial endospores? | survival
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| 3 sites on the human body that are normally colonized by staphylococci | nose, skin and ears
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| 3 skin infections cause By Staphylococcus aureus | Scalded skin syndrome, hair follicle infections, impetigo
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| 3 skin infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes | Necrotizing faciitis, strep-throat, scarlet fever, streptococcal impetigo
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| what test is used to quickly distinguish between the Staphylococci and Streptococci | Catalase Staph + Strep -
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| What test may be used to determine between S. aureus and S. epidermidis? | Coagulase, S. aureus is a primary pathogen
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| Is the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract harmful of beneficial to the human host? | beneficial, because it competes with more dangerous pathogens
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| Would a direct gram stain of a sputum specimen beo of any immediate value to the physician in choosing treatment fro a patient with pneumonia? | yes can help determine the organism to be treated
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| Does antimicrobial therapy have any effect on the body's normal flora? | yes antimicrobials can cause superinfections cause overgrowth of a normally harmless bacteria, diarrhea or yeast infections
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| Why is penicillin a potential treatment for S. pneumoniae but not for K. pneumoniae | becaus penicillin does not work on gram negative Rods
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| Why is Mac usuful in the primary isolation fo Klebsiella pneumoniae | because it is selective for gram neg enteric rods
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| Why is a direct smear of CSF essential when bacterial meningitis is suspected | CSF is sterile and needs to be checked for the presence of m.o. which will indicate an infection
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| can N. meningitidis be easily differentiated from Streptococcus pneumonia based on microscopic morphology and gram reaction? | N. meningitidis is Gram neg. while Streptococcus is gram + cocci arranged in chains
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| Which serotype of Haemophilus influenzae is responsible for most cases of serious disease caused by this species? | type B
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| How is Haemophilus influenzae prevented today? | cojugate vaccines
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| What is the most frequent cuse of neningitis in children between the ages of 2 and 18? | Neisseria meningitidis
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| What is the most frequent cuse of meningitis in neonates? | group b streptococcus
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| What is the most frequent cuse of meningitis in toddlers | Streptococcus pneumoniae
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| What is the most frequent cuse of meningitis in adults | Streptococcus pneumoniae
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| What si the only human pathogen that prefrentially attacks the peripeheral nerves? | Mycobacterium leprae
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| What disease does Mycobacterium leprae cause? | Hansens disease or Leporsy
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| 3 viruses that cause viral meningitis | mumps, coxsackie virus and echoviruss
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| Which is the most common virus to cause viral meningitis | coxsackie -fecal-oral route
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| What is viremia? | viruses circulating through the blood
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| 3 viruses that causes viral encephalitis? | herpes simplex virus, mumps measles mononucleoses
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| What virus causes most reported cases of viral encephalitis in the U.S. | herpes simplex virus type 1
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| What is the characteristic feature fo poliomyelitis? | selective destruction of motor nere cells
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| Does a patient lose sensations of feelings in affected limbs poliomyelitis? | no the lose movement not sensation
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| How is polio prevented? | vaccine
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| When is polio expected to be eradicated | 2005
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| Why is rabies now rare in humans when is so common in wildlife? | pet vaccination
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| What species causes streptococcal pharyngitis and from which group | Streptococcus pyogenes Group A
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| How is streptococcal pharyngitis transmitted? | through coughing sneezing esp. in close range
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| What are 2 late complications of streptococcal pharynigitis | acute glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever
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| What species causes diphtheria | Corynebacteruim diphtheria
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| What substance actually mediates diphtheria? | diphtheria toxin
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| What is the leading cause of pneumonia in college students and military recruits? | Mycoplasmal pneumonia
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| what is Mycoplasmal pneumonia formly known as? | walking pneumonia
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| What is another name for whooping cough>? | Pertussis
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| How many deaths occur worldwid due to pertussis? | 300,000 to 500,000
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| How is pertussis prevented | vaccine DPT
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| What species most commonly causes tuberculosis? | Mycobacterium turerculosis
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| How is tuberculosis spread? | through inhaling airborne organisms from a person with TB
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| What vaccine is used for TB in other parts of the world but not in US | BCG, because it will show a postive on TB test
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| What is the test for TB? | Mantoux Test
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| What species causes Legionnaire's disease? | Legionella pneumophila
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| How is legionnaire's disease transmitted? | by breathing aerosolized water contaminated with the organism
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| How is legionairres disease treated | erythromycin
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| Why are so many deaths from influenza when it is generally a mild disease | bacterial secondary infections
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| What strain of influenza resulted in a pandemic in the early part of the 20th century | spanish flu
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| What is the source fo the virus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome? | Rodents
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| How is hantavirus treansmitted? | by inhalation of dust contaminated with the urine, feces or saliva of infected rodents
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| Catalase test | a test in which hydrogen peroxide is added to culture on a slide, gas produced is postive bubbles present, enzyme catalase is present
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| Coagulase | a test in which organisms are mixed with plasma in a test tube if cells clump together postive
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| Commensals | organisms that live togehter in close association and may or may not benefit each other
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| Penicillin Vancomycin | Cell wall synthesis
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| Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol | protein synthesis
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| Ciprofloxacin | nucleic acid synthesis
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| Sulfonamide and Trimethorprim | cellular metabolism
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| polymoxins | cytoplasmic membrane
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| antibodies | immunoglobulin proteins whch cirulate in blood and lymph fluid produced by the body for protection against microorganisms
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| bactericidal | agent that kills bacteria
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| bacteriostatic | static effect on bacteria, inhibits growth until removed will then resume growth
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| antimicrobial resistance | ability of microbes to overcome harmful effects of antimicrobial agents
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| antimicrobial susceptibility | microbes are unable to overcome the harmful effects of antimicrobial agents and are killed
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| antimicrobial agent | any agent which functions to kill or inhibit microbial growth includes sythetic drugs as well as antibiotics
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| antibiotics | antimicrobial drugs naturally produced by microorganisms
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| chemotherapy | the treatment fo disease by use of chemicals
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| minimum inhibitory concentration | the lowest concentration of a specific drug that prevents the growth
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| in vitro | outside the body
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| in vivo | inside the body
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