Barnett - weathering/soil
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| mechanical weathering | process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical compositions
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| frost wedging | water freezes and thaws, cracking the rock into smaller pieces
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| exfoliation | mechanical weathering process in which outer rock layers break off due to a reduction in pressure
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| chemical weathering | process by which rocks undergo changes in composition
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| erosion | removal and transport of weathered material
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| mass movement | transfer of a large amount of rock and soil down-slope due to gravity
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| slide | block of material moves suddenly along a flat inclined surface
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| flow | mass movement of material containing a large amount of water
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| creep | slowest type of mass movement; often caused by repeated freezing and thawing
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| soil | loose covering of mineral material, organic material, water, and air overlying bedrock
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| parent material | either bedrock or sediment deposits that break down to form soil
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| soil profile | vertical sequence of soil layers
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| soil horizon | one distinct layer of soil
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| O horizon | surface layer made of organic material like leaves, twigs, and partially decayed material
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| A horizon | black in color, also contains a lot of organic material and some mineral material
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| B horizon | layer of soil that contains clay-sized particles; it is the lower limit for roots and burrowing; often reddish brown in color
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| C horizon | layer of soil made of partially weathered parent material
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| texture | describes the sizes of the particles that make up soil; clay, silt, and sand
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| porosity | percent of empty space in soil
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| permeability | ability of material to let water pass through it
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