Mrs Hacker's 7 Final Study Guide
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Which layer of rock comprises 67% of Earth's mass? | mantle
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| Which layer is the thin, solid outermost layer above the mantle? | Crust
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| Which layer is a rigid layer made up of crust and upper mantle? | Lithosphere
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| Which layer is made of solid rock that slowly flows? | Asthenosphere
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| Which layer is the lower part of the mantle? | Mesosphere
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| What is a measurement of how likely an area is to have damaging earthquakes? | Earthquake hazard
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| What is a process of making older structure more earthquake resistant? | Retrofitting
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| What is a weight placed in the roof of a building to counteract building movement? | Mass damper
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| What is a weight located at the bottom of a building to help offset building movement? | Active tendon system
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| What is something that acts like a shock absorber for a building during an earthquake? | Base isolator
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| What is something that helps keep water and gas lines from breaking in an earthquake? | Flexible pipe
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| What is an area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past? | Seismic gap
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| What is a hypothesis that is based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time? | Gap hypothesis
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| Another name for molten rock? | Magma
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| What is a crack or opening in the Earth's crust? | Vent
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| What is a landform caused by repeated eruptions of lava? | Volcano
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| What is dust-sized particles of hardened lava? | Ash
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| What is magma that is blasted into the air and hardens? | Pyroclastic material
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| What is magma that flows on the Earth's surface? | Lava
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| What is a set of deep cracks between tectonic plates? | Rift zone
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| What are columns of rising magma? | Mantle plumes
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| This is where tectonic plates collide? | Convergent boundary
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| Underwater volcanoes and mountains are _______________________ ? | Mid-ocean ridges
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| This is where tectonic plates separate. | Divergent boundary
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| What is the name for a volcanically active area that is not near a tectonic plate boundary? | Hot spot
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| The liquid layer of the Earth's core is called? | Outer core
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| A __________________ fault occurs because of tension. | normal
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| Mountains that have sharp, jagged peaks can be caused by which type of force? | tension
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| A boundary is the area between two ____________________ plates. | tectonic
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| Sea floor spreading, the fossil record, and _____________________ are all evidence of continental drift | magnetic reversals
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| True or false? Oceanic plate theory provides evidence for continental drift? | False
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| Which element comprises the majority of the core? | Iron
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| Thermal energy cause changes in the density of the ____________________________ . | Asthenosphere
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| A magnetic reversal is when the Earth's ____________________ change places? | magnetic poles
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| This theory explains why continents move. The theory of _____________________ . | Continental drift
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| Which is denser, the mantle or the crust? | mantle
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| This element is present in larger quantities in the mantle than in the crust. | magnesium
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| Sea floor spreading occurs at ______________________ . | Mid-ocean ridges.
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| This is a set of deep cracks that form between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other. | Rift zones
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| Which volcano has steep slopes, but isn't very tall and is made of only pyroclastic material? | Cinder cone
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| Which volcano has a broad base and looks like a warrior's shield? | shield volcano
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| Which volcano is also referred to as a stratovolcano? | Composite volcano
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| Which lava erupts under the water? | Pillow lava
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| Darkened skies can be expected after a non-explosive or an explosive volcano? | Explosive volcano
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| Which volcano is made of explosive and non-explosive eruptions? | Composite volcano
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| Most active volcanoes form where ____________________________ ? | tectonic plates collide
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| When volcanoes form far from tectonic plate boundaries, we term these areas ________________ . | Hot spots
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| Magma that blasts into the air and hardens is called ________________ . | Pyroclastic material
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| This instrument helps measures changes in a volcano's slope. | Tiltmeter
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| A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a ______________ . | caldera
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| The volcanoes of Hawaii were formed over ________________ . | Hot spots
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| An explosive eruption is caused by magma that has low or high water content? | high
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| What term describes the way lava flows? | Viscosity
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| Why does the oceanic plate usually subduct under the contintal plate? | The oceanic crust is denser.
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| __________________ activity is common along the Mid-Athlantic Ridge. | Volcanic
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| The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a _________________ boundary. | divergent
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| What can detect if an area of a volcano is getting hotter? | Infrared images
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| What would cause an area of a volcano to get hotter? | Rising magma
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| Mt. St. Helen's is a _________________________ volcano. | Composite
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| Deep in the crust and the mantle, temperatures are high and pressures are ______________________ . | high
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| What is the term for the amount of force per unit area on a given material? | Stress
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| Earthquakes are caused by _________________ deformation. | Elastic
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| Which kind of seismic waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases? | Primary
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| Normal faults, reverse faults, and __________________________ faults are fault that lead to earthquakes. | Strike-slip
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| A ____________________________ helps determine when an earthquake started. | Seismogram
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| What determines an earthquake's strength? | Richter-Magnitude Scale
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| Which describes how an earthquake impacts people? | Intensity
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