A&P II Final Ch 11,12, 13, 15, 18
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| This organ in the eye can change shape to allow light to focus on the retina | lens
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| The main function of the cardiovascular system is: | to transport oxygen and nutirents, and get rid of carbon dioxide and waste products
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| The heart has _____ chambers | 4
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| The two superior chambers of the heart are called: | atria
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| The two inferior chambers of the heart are called: | ventricles
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| There are ____ valves in the heart | 4
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| The ________ divides the right side of the heart from the left side | Septum
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| The valve found between the right atrium and right ventricle is known as: | the tricuspid valve
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| The valve found in the pulmonary artery is known as: | Pulmonary valve
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| The valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle is known as: | mitral valve
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| The valve found within the aorta is known as: | aortic valve
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| The arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle are known as the: | coronary arteries
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| six small muscle connect the eyeball to the orbit known as: | extreocular muscles
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| This membrane covers eye ball on the the outside | conjunctiva
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| Tears have to major functions: | 1)antiseptic 2) lubrication
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| The anterior chamber of the eye contains fluid called | Aqueous humor
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| The posterior chamber contains fluid called: | Vitreous humor
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| The outer most layer of the eyes (white part of eyes) is known as: | sclera
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| This tissue is found in the inner lining of the eye, contains rods and cones: | retina
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| inflammation of membrane that lines eye is known as | conjunctivitis
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| causes of conjunctivitis include | bacterial, viral, allergens
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| conjunctivitis with clear discharge is suggestive of: | viral conjunctivits
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| conjunctivitis with purulent discharge is suggestive of: | bacterial conjunctivitis
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| clouding of the lens caused by accumulation of protein is known as: | cataracts
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| Causes of cataracts include: | diabetes, congenital, aging, trauma
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| increased pressure in fluid of eye is known as: | glaucoma
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| The Functions of the liver are: | detoxify drugs/alcohol, produce plasma proteins (albumin), clotting factors, cholesterol, bile, sotes energy (gylcogen), produce heat
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| The functions of the gall bladder is: | to store bile and excrete it when needed to help digest fats (emulsifies fats)
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| The small intestine is divided into 3 segments which are: | duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| The purpose of the villi is to: | increase the surface area of the inside of the small intestine
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| The functions of the colon are: | absorb water, electrolytes, package/compact feces, absorbe vitamins produce by the colonic bacteria (Vit K)
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| This hormone causes the gall bladder to contract and release bile | CCK (cholecystokinin)
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| This condition is caused by an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter that causes the reflux of stomach acid | GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
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| This enzyme helps digest proteins | peptidase
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| This enzyme helps digest fats | lipase
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| The organs found in the digestive system from superior (mouth) to most inferior (anus) are: | orol cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal, anus
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| The accessory organs of the digestive system include: | gallbladder, liver, pancreas
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| A condition characterized by a deficiency of lactase enzyme, abdominal pain, cramps, bloating, diarrhea, foul flatulence is known as: | Lactose intolerance
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| Treatments for lactose intolerance: | avoid dairy products, consume lactose free products, lactase enzyme
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| colorectal cancer risks factors are: | high fat diet, low fiber diet, smoking, alcohol, genetics, family history
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| Recommended screening for colon cancer by the United States Preventive Surfaces Tasks Force (USPSTF) | start at age 50 with annual FOBT, and colonoscopy every 10 years
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| forensic sicience | is the application of science to law
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| fingerprints are formed by: | pulling of the elastic fibers in the skin that occurs in the womb
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| polypharmacy is considered by many authors to be defined as: | 5 or more medications for 2 or more conditions simultaneously
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| rigor mortis sets in at: | begins at 2 hours, and peaks around 6-12 hours
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| DNA can be extracted from: | any tissue including hair, skin...etc.
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| This tissue acts like a time line for chemical exposure | hair
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| urination, ejaculation, or fecal discharge is a common finding after death caused by: | relaxation of the sphincters
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| General steps of digestion include: | ingestion, mastication, digestion, secretion, absorption, excretion (defacation)
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| the function of the uvula is: | to direct food down the pharynx (prevents it for going up into nasopharynx
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| The regions of the stomach are: | cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
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| This phincter controls how fast food moves in the small intestin from the stomach | pyloric sphincter
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| Parietal cells in the stomach produce: | HCL (digests connective tissue)
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| Cheif cells in the stomch produce: | pepsinogen (digests proteins)
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| Mucous cells in the stomch produce: | alkaline mucu (protects the inner lining of the stomach)
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| The 3 phases of gastric juice production is: | cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase
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| GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)is caused by: | excessive stomach acid production, and or incompetent (dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter) that may be triggered by certain foods
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| Foods that trigger acid reflux: | caffeine, chocolate, ETOH, spicy foods, citric juices, soda, fatty food
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| Peptic ulcer is defined as: | breakdown of the mucosal membrane (inside lining of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine.
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| This bacteria is commonly associated with peptic ulcers: | H. pylori
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| the appendix is attached to: | cecum of the colon
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| Most common cause of appendicitis | fecal impactation of the inside lumen of the appendix
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| name of the procedure to remove appendix: | appendectomy
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| Lipase produced by small intestine and pancrease is needed for: | digestion of fats
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| Peptidase is produced by the small intestine and is needed for: | digest proteins
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| These structure help increase the surface area of small intestine: | villi not cilia
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