Final Review
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| Griffith | injected mice with different strands of bacteria - smooth=deadly, rough=ok. When heat killed smooth bacteria was mixed with harmless bacteria and was injected, the mice died.
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| Avery | Used enzymes to kill different molecules, when DNA was killed transformation did not occur.
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| Hershey-Chase | Used bacteriophages with different radioactive markers on their protein coats and DNA. Phosphorus 32 was found injected in, which was the marker of DNA.
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| 3 critical things genes were known to do. | Carry info from one generation to another, put that information to work by determing the heritable characteristics of organisms, and had to be easily copied.
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| 4 kinds of nitrogenous bases | adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
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| Purines | A, G
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| Pyrmididines | C, T
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| A bonds to what and C bonds to what | T, G
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| DNA's structure | double helix - has two strands
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| Backbone of a DNA chain | sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide.
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| DNA is tightly coiled around | histone proteins
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| DNA and histones form | nucleosomes
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| Why are the chromosomes only visible during mitosis? | The fibers of each chromosome are drawn together.
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| Replication | the cell duplicates its DNA.
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| DNA Replication info | the DNA molecule unzips. Each strand serves as a template. Two complementary strands are formed because of base pairing.
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| Replication fork | where DNA replication and separation occur
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| DNA Polymerase | Polymerizes individual nucleotides, proofreeds each new DNA strand making sure it's an exact copy.
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