Final Review
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| The nrg in food originally comes from... | the sun
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| Autotroph | make their own food
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| Principal chemical compounds used to store nrg? | ATP
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| ADP vs. ATP | ADP has 2 phosphate groups, ATP has 3
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| ATP's structure | adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups
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| How does a cell store small amounts of nrg? | Adds a phosphate group to ADP, making ATP
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| The nrg in ATP is released when... | ATP separates into ADP and a phosphate group.
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| ATP is used for | a. Active Transport b. Movement within the cell.
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| How does a cell regenerate ATP? | Energy from carbohydrates.
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| What did van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz find out? | Mass plants gain comes from water not soil, plants produce oxygen, a plant must have light to produce oxygen.
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| Equation for photosynthesis | carbon dioxide + water ----> sugar + oxygen or 6CO2 + 6H2O -----> C6H12O6 + 6CO2
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| Photosynthesis requires | water, carbon dioxide, light, and chlorophil
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| Pigments | light absorbing molecules that plants use to gather the sun's energy.
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| Chlorophil | Principle pigment of plants
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| Chlorophyll absorbs light very well in the | blue region.
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| Tylakoids | saclike photosynthetic membranes
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| Granum | a stack of thylakoids
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| Stroma | the region outside the thylakoids
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| NADP+ | The carrier molecule involved in photosynthesis.
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| Light dependent reactions | convert ADP into ATP, produce oxygen, convert NADP+ into NADPH
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| Light dependent reactions take place... | within the thylakoid membrane.
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| High energy electrons move through the electron transport chain from photosystem II to photosystem I. The difference in charges across the thylakoid membrane provides the energy to make ATP. Pigments in photosystem I use energy fromlight to reenergize e | lectrons.
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| ATP Synthase | Produces ATP. H+ ions pass through it. As it spins, the ATP synthase attaches a phosphate group to ADP, making it into ATP
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| Calvin Cycle | Uses ATP and NADPH to make high-energy sugars.
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| Why is the calvin cycle also called the light-independent reactions? | I wonder.
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| More calvin cycle info | Carbon dioxide molecules enter. Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to convert 3-carbon molecules into similar 3-carbon molecules (PGA into PGAL). It uses six co2 molecules to make one 6-carbon sugar.
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| Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. | Amt. of water, temperature, intensity of light.
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