Final Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
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| Cell membrane | a thin, flexible barrier around the cell
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| Cell wall | strong layer around the cell membrane
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| Nucleus | contains the genetic material, controls the cell's activities
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| Cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane
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| Prokaryote | lack nuclei and organelles. They have one circular chromosome and are less than 5 micrometers
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| Eukaryote | contains nuclei and organelles, have many linear chromosomes, and are 20-100 micrometers
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| Organelle | Specialized structure in a cell
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| Cell Walls | found in plants and some bacteria. In protects the cell and gives it support. It's made of fibers of carbohydrates and proteins. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
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| Nucleus | controls most cell processes and contains DNA
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| Nucleolus | A small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
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| Cytoskeleton | Protein filaments that helps the cell matain its shape and it's involved in cell movement.
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| Microtubules | hollow tubes of proteins 25 nanometers in diameter. They mantain cell shape, serve as "tracks" for organelles, and form centrioles.
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| Microfilaments | long, thin fibers 7 nanometers in diameter. Give support, move organelles in the cell.
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| Rough ER | Involved in the synthesis of proteins and has ribosomes.
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| Smooth ER | Contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks.
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| Lysosomes | Break down old organelles, have enzymes that break down lipids, carbos, and proteins. They remove debris and are suicide sacks.
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| Ribosome | RNA, produces protein.
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| ER | Constructs components of scell membrane and some proteins
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| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes, enzymes attach carbos to lipids and proteins
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| Vacuole | Saclike structure, stores materials
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| Chloroplast | uses nrg from sunlight to make food
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| Mitochondrion | Uses nrg from food to make ATP
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| Animal cells have ____ which plant cells don't. | Lysosomes
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| Plant cells have _____ and _____ which animal cells don't. | Cell wall, chloroplasts.
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| Functions of the cell membrane | Regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support
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| The core of nearly all cell membranes | lipid bilayer
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| Diffusion | A process in which molecules move from high concentration to low concentration
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| Selectively permeable | allows only some substances to pass through
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| Osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
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| Water stops moving acroos a membrane... | once equilibrium is reached.
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| Isotonic | same stregnth in solute
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| Hypertonic | above stregnth in solute
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| Hypotonic | below stregnth in solute
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| Osmosic exerts pressure on the____ side. | hypertonic
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| Facilitated diffusion | a protein channel allows molecules that can't fit through the lipid bilayer to get in, like ions, sugars, and salts.
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| Active transport | moving molecules against a concentration difference.
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| Endocytosis | taking material into the cell by infoldings of the cell membrane
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| Phagocytosis | large molecules are taken in by endocytosis
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| Exocytosis | removal of material from the cell when the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane.
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| Cell specialization | when a cell is specialized to perform a particular function within the organism.
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| Four levels of organization | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
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| Tissue | group of similar cells
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| Four main types of tissue | muscle, epithelial, nervous, connective.
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| Organ | a group of tissues
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| Organ System | a group of organs.
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