Ch 1
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| What is the goal of science? | To investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions
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| Science deals with only the _____ _______. | natural world
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| Scientists collect and organize information in a careful, orderly way, looking for ______ and _______ between ________. | patterns, connections, events
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| Scientists propose explanations that can be tested by ________ __________. | examining evidence
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| What is science? | An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
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| What is observation? | Using one or more senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste) to gather information
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| What is data? | The information gathered from observations, also called evidence
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| What are two types of observations? | Quantitive and qualitive
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| What are quantitive observations? | Observations involving numbers
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| What are qualitive observations? | Observations that involve characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted, such as color or texture.
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| What is an inference? | A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience
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| What is a hypothesis? | A possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question
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| A hypothesis is useful only if it can be ________. | tested.
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| Hypotheses may arise from _____ _______, ______ _________, or _________ _________. | prior knowledge, logical inferences, or imaginative guesses
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| Testing may sometimes be done by making _____ __________ or through _________ ___________. | further observation or through careful questioning
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| No matter what the outcome, a tested hypothesis has value in science because...? | it helps researchers advance scientific knowledge
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| Qualities of a Scientist | Curiosity, honesty, open-mindedness, skepticism, recognition that science has limits
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| Who is Aristotle? | A greek philosopher who made observations of the natural world
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| Designing an Experiment | 1Stating the Problem 2Forming a Hypothesis 3Setting Up a Controlled Experiment 5Recording and Analyzing Results 6Drawing a Conclusion
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| What is spontaneous generation? | The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter (maggots on meat)
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| What did Francesco Redi propose in 1668? | A different hypothesis for the appearance of maggots-Flies laid eggs too small for people to see (flies produce maggots)
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| What are variables? | The factors in an experiment that can change (equipment, type of material, amount of material, temperature, light, time
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| A hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only ___ variable(s) is changed at a time. | one
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| What is a controlled experiment? | When only one variable is changed at a time
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| What is the manipulated variable? | The variable that is deliberately changed
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| What is the responding variable? | The variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable
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| Redi made a prediction that...? | keeping flies away from meat would prevent the appearance of maggots
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| What was Redi's experiment? | Put meat in 2 jars, cover one, see that maggots appear in uncovered jar
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| What was Redi's conclusion? | Flies produce maggots
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| What did Anton van Leeuwenhook do? | prepared lenses that let me magnify tiny objects (new types of life) in rainwater, pondwater, and dust. He called them animalcules.
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| What was John Needham''s prediction? | Spontaneous generation can occur
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| What was Needham's experiement? | Sealed bottle of gravy, heated it, claimed heat killed living things in gravy, then found animals in gravy
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| What was Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment? | Boiled 2 containers of gravy, sealed one jar, open jar-microorganisms, sealed jar-no microorganisms
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| What did Sallanzani conclude? | Nonliving gravy did not produce living things
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| What did Louis Pasteur design? | A flask with a long curved neck that remained open to air, but microorganisms from air did not make their way through the neck into the flask
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| Whose work convinced scientists that spontaneous generation was not correct? | Pasteur
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| Pasteur showed that...? | all living things come from other living things
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| What is a theory? | A hypothesis that becomes well supported by scientists
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